BIOL 2311 Cell Anatomy and Cell Division

Nucleus

Control center of the cell

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes and RNA

Plasma Membrane

A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells

Microvilli

projections that increase the cell's surface area for absorption

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Ribosomes

site of protein synthesis

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport are assembled.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.

Golgi apparatus

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

Mitochondrion

Double-membraned organelle that produces ATP by aerobic respiration.

Centriole

Involved with the separation of chromosomes during cell division

Lysosome

A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.

Peroxisome

organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water

Microtubules

Support the cell and give it shape. Involved in intracellular and cellular movements. Form centrioles and cilia and flagella, if present.

Interphase

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

Prophase

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Anaphase

chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells