Comprehensive Medical and Anatomical Quizlet: Bones, GI, Rheumatology, and Posture

What structure prevents aspiration during swallowing?

Epiglottis closes the trachea

A patient with GERD should avoid which position for 2-3 hours after eating?

Supine position

Which traits classify metabolic syndrome?

Abdominal obesity, low HDL, high blood pressure

Prolonged NSAID use increases the risk of what GI disorder?

Peptic ulcer

Which exercises best improve posture deficits in osteoporosis?

Spinal extension and scapular retraction exercises

Osteoporosis compression fractures most commonly affect which vertebral structure?

Vertebral body

What does exercise do to metabolic rate?

Increases metabolic rate

Which disease causes enlarged but weak bowing bones due to increased osteoclast activity?

Paget's disease

Purpose of a fecal transplant?

Restore beneficial bacteria to the large intestine

What is the term for bone density below normal but not osteoporosis?

Osteopenia

Most common fracture sites in osteoporosis?

Femoral neck, distal radius, vertebrae

Which position is the most difficult balance position?

Single limb stance

What does cholecystitis mean?

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Which GI disorder can mimic heart attack symptoms?

GERD

Which instruction is incorrect when splinting during cough?

Place pillow over chest incision

Common postural deficit in osteoporosis affecting chest mobility?

Increased thoracic kyphosis

Protrusion through weakened abdominal wall is called what?

Hernia

Which test monitors acid-base disorders?

ABG

What surgery increases vertebral body height after compression fracture?

Kyphoplasty

Best exercises to increase bone density?

Weight-bearing strengthening exercises

Which finding indicates metabolic acidosis?

pH less than 7.35

Which organ stores bile?

Gallbladder

Which organ detoxifies blood and processes nutrients?

Liver

Where does most food breakdown occur in digestion?

Duodenum

Where are most nutrients absorbed?

Jejunum

Which organ releases insulin?

Pancreas

Fundoplication surgery does what?

Wraps stomach around esophagus to treat GERD

Cholecystectomy means what?

Removal of gallbladder

Colectomy means what?

Removal of part of the colon

Colostomy means what?

Diverts stool to exterior opening

Which condition causes urgent frequent bowel movements and abdominal pain?

IBS

Which disorder involves inflamed pouch-like protrusions in colon?

Diverticulitis

Burning stomach pain worse at night relieved by food indicates what?

Peptic ulcer

Inflammation of abdominal cavity due to infection is called what?

Peritonitis

Peak bone density occurs at what age?

30-35 years

When does bone density sharply decline in women?

Around age 50

Which nutrients are most important for bone density?

Calcium and Vitamin D

Which lifestyle factors increase osteoporosis risk?

Inactivity smoking aging alcohol low calcium diet

What occurs in cirrhosis?

Scarring of liver tissue

A T score of -2.5 or lower indicates what?

Osteoporosis

Minimum timeframe for chronic pain classification?

7-8 months

Whole body inflammation occurs due to what chemical signals?

Cytokines

Which arthritis is bilateral symmetrical autoimmune disease?

Rheumatoid arthritis

Which condition causes widespread pain fatigue and tenderness?

Fibromyalgia

Red swollen 1st MTP joint indicates what?

Gout

Which joints fuse first in ankylosing spondylitis?

Sacroiliac joints

Why is early osteoarthritis painless?

Articular cartilage has no pain receptors

Which diet is recommended for rheumatoid arthritis?

Mediterranean diet

Which metabolic bone disease causes bone enlargement and bowing?

Paget's disease

Which posture is typical of ankylosing spondylitis?

Hip and knee flexion with thoracic kyphosis

Which deformity is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis?

Ulnar drift

Which nodes occur in osteoarthritis?

Heberden and Bouchard nodes

Which autoimmune disease causes butterfly rash on face?

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Which condition causes uric acid crystal deposition?

Gout

Which disorder primarily affects SI joints and spine?

Ankylosing spondylitis

Which exercise improves bone density most?

Weight-bearing strengthening

Which exercise improves osteoporosis posture?

Spinal extension strengthening

What sleeping surface is recommended for ankylosing spondylitis?

Firm mattress

Which treatment is contraindicated in rheumatoid arthritis?

Cervical traction

Which condition causes burning stomach pain worse between meals?

Peptic ulcer

How does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis?

Hyperventilation

Which symptom is common in Crohn's disease?

Weight loss with chronic diarrhea

What triggers fibromyalgia flare ups?

Stress

Which lupus complication causes swelling around eyes and legs?

Kidney failure

Which condition attacks small intestine when gluten is eaten?

Celiac disease

Which exercise improves chronic pain management?

Aerobic exercise

Which diet increases systemic inflammation?

Western diet

Which GI disorder results from incompetent lower esophageal sphincter?

GERD

Which small intestine section absorbs vitamins?

Ileum