CFII test 1

Human development can be described as

The successive phases of growth in which human behavior is characterized by a distinct set of physical, physiological, and behavioral features.

Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget who studied the intellectual development of children in the 20th Century. What did he start?

Educational Psychology, Theory of Cognitive Development

The use of instructional aids should be based on their ability to support a specific point in the lesson. What is the first step in determining if and where instructional aids are necessary?

Clearly establish the lesson objective, being certain what must be communicated

Certain traits need to be recognized when teaching adult students these are

• 1. Adults who are motivated to seek out a learning experience do so primarily because they have a use for the knowledge or skill being sought. Learning is a means to an end, not an end in itself.

• 2. Adults seek out learning experiences in order to cope with specific life-changing events—marriage, divorce, a new job. They are ready to learn when they assume new roles.

• 3. Adults are autonomous and self-directed; they need to be independent and exercise control.

• 4. Adults have accumulated a foundation of life experiences and knowledge and draw upon this reservoir of experience for learning.

• 5. Adults are goal-oriented.

• 6. Adults are relevancy oriented. Their time perspective changes from one of postponed knowledge application to immediate application.

• 7. Adults are practical, focusing on the aspects of a lesson most useful to them in their work.

• 8. As do all learners, adults need to be shown respect.

• 9. The need to increase or maintain a sense of self-esteem is a strong secondary motivator for adult learners

• 10. Adults want to solve problems and apply new knowledge immediately

Learning can be defined in many ways, one way is...

• 1. A change in the behavior of the learner as a result of experience. The behavior can be physical and overt, or it can be intellectual or attitudinal.

• 2. The process by which experience brings about a relatively permanent change in behavior.

• 3. The change in behavior that results from experience and practice.

• 4. Gaining knowledge or skills, or developing a behavior, through study, instruction, or experience.

• 5. The process of acquiring knowledge or skill through study, experience, or teaching. It depends on

• 6. experience and leads to long-term changes in behavior potential. Behavior potential describes the possible behavior of an individual (not actual behavior) in a given situation in order to achieve a goal.

• 7. A relatively permanent change in cognition, resulting from experience and directly influencing behavior.

The term intelligence refers to what in the context of educational psychology?

Ability to learn from experience, solving problems, and using knowledge to adapt to new situations

What are 3 stages of skill acquisition in order?

Cognitive, associative, autonomous

What learning style do kinesthetic learners have?

These learners process and store information through physical experience such as touching, manipulating, using, or doing

What is the purpose and benefit of proper oral quizzing by the instructor during a lesson can have which result?

Identifies points that need more emphasis

Insights, as applied to learning, involve a person's

grouping of associated perceptions into meaningful wholes

If a student experiences overwhelming sense of fear or dread, what disorder are they exhibiting?

Negative motivation, anxiety

What factor do most instructors see when a student fails to remain receptive to new experiences and rejects training is what factor?

Negative self concept

While learning the material being taught, students may be learning other things as well. This additional learning is called

incidental

Psychologists classify learning by types, such as verbal conceptual, perceptual

motor, problem-solving, and emotional

Probably the greatest single barrier to effective communication in the teaching process is a lack of

a common experience level between instructor and learner

Which is true regarding long term memory?

It allows the ability to instinctively perform certain maneuvers or tasks, allowing more time to concentrate on other duties such as navigation, communications, and visual scanning for other aircraft.

You are given a frequency by atc but do not write it down which leads to you forgetting the frequency what is this called

Fading?

Which domain of learning deals with knowledge?

cognitive

Affective domain relates to

attitudes, beliefs, values

Development of systems to improve one’s memory is referred to as what?

Encoding

Mastery in something results from true expertise which requires what?

Competency

Studies suggest a learner achieves better results if distractions are avoided during what type of practice?

Deliberate Practice

If a student us able to draw from a previously learned skill and able to apply it in a different situation, what process has occured?

Transfer of learning

What is the best way to prepare a student for a task?

Provide a clear, step-by-step example

Which principle of learning implies that the student will learn more from the real thing rather than a substitute?

Principle of intensity