pt 3 anatomical terms, body planes/sections, cavities

anatomical position

• standard body position

• standing erect, feet parallel, arms at sides with palms forward

• note: terminology refers to this position with reference regardless of actual body position

frons

refers to forehead area (frontal)

nasus

aka nose (nasal cavity, nares)

oculus

aka orbital (ocular muscles, eye)

auris

aka ear (auricle)

bucca

cheek pocket aka buccal cavity

cervicis

aka neck, cervical vertebrae

thoracis

aka thorax, chest, thoracic cavity

mamma

mammary glands (breast)

abdomen

aka abdominal

antecubitus

tri region on the inside of the elbow where blood is drawn

axilla

armpit

inguen

groin, inguinal vessels

cephalon

region/area: cephalic, head

cervicis

region/area: cervical, neck

thoracis

region/area: thoracic, chest

brachium

region/area: brachial, arm

antebrachium

region/area: antebrachial, forearm

carpus

region/area: carpal, wrist

manus

region/area: manual, hand

abdomen

region/area: abdominal, abdomen

pelvis

region/area: pelvic, pelvis

inguen

region/area: inguinal, groin

lumbus

region/area: lumbar, lower back

gluteus

region/area: gluteal, buttock

femur

region/area: femoral, thigh

patella

region/area: patellar, kneecap

crus

region/area: crural, leg, from knee to ankle

sura

region/area: sural, calf

tarsus

region/area: tarsal, ankle

pes

region/area: pedal, foot

planta

region/area: plantar, sole region of foot

superior

cranial or cephalad: toward the head or upper part of a structure or the body - above

inferior

caudal: away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure or the body - below

anterior

ventral: toward or at the front of the body - in front of

posterior

dorsal: toward or at the backside of the body - behind

medial

toward or at the midline of the body - on the inner side of

lateral

away from the midline of the body - on the outer side of

intermediate

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

proximal

close to the point of reference or where the limb attaches to the trunk of the body

distal

farther from the point of reference or where the limb attaches to the trunk of the body

superficial

external: toward or at the body surface

deep

internal: away from the body surface; more internal

sagittal

divides the body/organ into left and right parts

midsagittal

aka median: divides the body/organ down midline into equal left and right parts

parasagittal

NOT in the middle: does not divide into EQUAL left and right parts

coronal

aka frontal: identifies the anterior/front and posterior/back half of the body

transverse

cross section: identifies an superior/upper and inferior/lower half of the body

body cavity

any space/potential space in the body

dorsal cavity

consists of cranial and spinal cavity

cranial cavity

houses brain protected by skull

spinal cavity

houses spinal cord protected by vertebrae

ventral cavity

consists of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

thoracic cavity

superior to diaphragm

• subdivided into left pleural (left lung), mediastinum (trachea, esoph, vessels, pericardial), pericardial(heart), right pleural (right lung)

mediastinum

central region that houses heart, trachea, other organs

abdominopelvic cavity

inferior to diaphragm

• includes abdominal cavity (digestive glands + organs), pelvic cavity (bladder, repro organs, last portion of dig tract)

superior abdominal cavity

stomach, liver, organs protected by trunk muscles

inferior pelvic cavity

contains repro organs, bladder, rectum protected kind of by bony pelvise

RUQ

right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of stomach, small and large intestine

LUQ

left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of large intestine

RLQ

cecum, appendix, portions of small intestine, repro organs (right ovary/right spermatic cord), right ureter

LLQ

most of small intestine, portions of large intestine, left ureter, repro organs (left ovary, left spermatic cord)