Parliament

What will be covered in the new lecture of FRB 2.0 regarding Parliament?

The new lecture of FRB 2.0 will cover the Parliament chapter, starting from Article 79 and going up to Article 88, and it will be covered in two lectures.
1. Explanation: The speaker indicates that the content will be split into two sessions to cover the Parliament chapter in depth.

Will the State Legislature be covered separately?

No, the State Legislature will not be covered separately because it is very similar to Parliament with only minor differences.
1. Explanation: The speaker suggests that understanding Parliament is largely sufficient for understanding State Legislatures due to their structural similarities.
2. Things to remember: The minor differences between Parliament and State Legislatures might be explained in the next lecture or alongside the current one.
3. Examples: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in the Union are comparable to Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council in the States, respectively.

What does Article 79 talk about?

Article 79 talks about the Constitution of Parliament.

From which country was the Parliamentary form of Government borrowed by India?

The Parliamentary form of Government was borrowed from the UK.

Which form of government does the US have?

The US has a Presidential form of Government.

What does Article 78 discuss?

Article 78 discusses the duties of the Prime Minister.

What does the Constitution of Parliament mean?

The Constitution of Parliament means who will be included in Parliament.

Who are the three components of Parliament?

The three components of Parliament are Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and the President.

What are the other names for Lok Sabha?

Other names for Lok Sabha are Lower House, First Chamber, or House of People.

What are the other names for Rajya Sabha?

Other names for Rajya Sabha are Upper House, Second Chamber, Council of State, or House of Elders.

When was the first sitting of Parliament?

The first sitting of Parliament was on April 17, 1952.

When was the first meeting of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha?

The first meeting of both Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha was on May 13, 1952.
2. Things to remember: If a question does not specify between "sitting" and "meeting," one should choose May 13, 1952.

When were the Hindi names 'Lok Sabha' and 'Rajya Sabha' adopted?

The Hindi names 'Lok Sabha' and 'Rajya Sabha' were adopted in 1954.
1. Explanation: Initially, the Constitution referred to them as 'House of People' and 'Council of State'.

Why is Lok Sabha called Lok Sabha?

Lok Sabha is called Lok Sabha because people directly elect their representatives (Members of Parliament) to this house.
1. Examples: The 17th Lok Sabha elections were mentioned as an example where people directly chose representatives.

What type of election is used for Lok Sabha?

Direct election is used for Lok Sabha.

Which election system is used for Lok Sabha?

The First Past the Post (FPTP) system is used for Lok Sabha elections.
1. Explanation: Under the FPTP system, the candidate who secures the most votes wins, and it is not necessary to gain a majority of votes.

What type of election is used for Rajya Sabha?

Indirect election is used for Rajya Sabha.

Which election system is used for Rajya Sabha?

Proportional Representation (अनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व) plus Single Transferable Vote (एकल संक्रमणीय मत) is used for Rajya Sabha elections.

Who votes for Rajya Sabha members in indirect elections?

State Legislative Assemblies (राज्य की विधानसभाएं) vote to elect Rajya Sabha members.

Which Union Territories (UTs) have representation in Rajya Sabha?

Only three Union Territories have representation in Rajya Sabha: Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu & Kashmir.
1. Explanation: All states have representation in Rajya Sabha because they all have Legislative Assemblies, but only these three UTs have Legislative Assemblies.

How many Rajya Sabha seats come from Delhi?

Three Rajya Sabha seats come from Delhi.

How many Rajya Sabha seats come from Puducherry?

One Rajya Sabha seat comes from Puducherry.

How many Rajya Sabha seats come from Jammu & Kashmir?

Four Rajya Sabha seats come from Jammu & Kashmir.

Which state has the maximum representation in Rajya Sabha?

Uttar Pradesh has the maximum representation in Rajya Sabha with 31 seats.

Which states have the minimum representation in Rajya Sabha?

Many North East states, such as Sikkim and Tripura, have minimum representation with one seat each in Rajya Sabha.

What does Article 80 talk about?

Article 80 talks about the composition of the Council of States, which is Rajya Sabha.

What is the maximum number of seats in Rajya Sabha?

The maximum number of seats in Rajya Sabha can be 250.

How many Rajya Sabha members are elected?

238 Rajya Sabha members are elected indirectly by State Legislative Assemblies.

How many Rajya Sabha members are nominated by the President?

12 Rajya Sabha members are nominated by the President.

In what fields can the President nominate members to Rajya Sabha?

The President can nominate members to Rajya Sabha for their talent in Literature, Science, Art, and Social Service.
3. Tricks: The speaker suggests remembering these fields using the acronym "LISS" (Literature, Science, Art, Social Service).

What is the current number of seats in Rajya Sabha?

The current number of seats in Rajya Sabha is 245.
1. Explanation: The reason it is not 250 is that only 3 out of 8 UTs have representation, leaving 5 UT seats vacant.

What does Article 81 talk about?

Article 81 talks about the composition of the House of People, which is Lok Sabha.

How are Lok Sabha members chosen from the States?

530 Lok Sabha members are chosen by direct election from the States using the First Past the Post system.

What is the maximum number of members that can represent Union Territories in Lok Sabha?

Not more than 20 members can represent Union Territories in Lok Sabha.

What is the maximum number of seats in Lok Sabha?

The maximum number of seats in Lok Sabha is 550.
1. Explanation: Previously, it was 552 because the President could nominate two Anglo-Indians if the community was not adequately represented.

Which amendment stopped the nomination of Anglo-Indians to Lok Sabha?

The 104th Amendment Act stopped the nomination of Anglo-Indians to Lok Sabha.

Does the reservation for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) continue in Lok Sabha?

Yes, the reservation for SC and ST continues in Lok Sabha and was extended for another 10 years.
1. Things to remember: SC/ST reservation runs alongside the Anglo-Indian nomination, but only SC/ST reservation was extended.

Is there SC/ST representation in Rajya Sabha?

No, there is no specific SC/ST representation (reservation) in Rajya Sabha.

Which state has the maximum number of seats in Lok Sabha?

Uttar Pradesh has the maximum number of seats in Lok Sabha, with 80 seats.
1. Things to remember: Uttar Pradesh also has the maximum seats in Rajya Sabha.

How are the number of seats in the House of People (Lok Sabha) allotted?

The number of seats in the House of People is allotted in such a manner that the number per population is the same for all states, aiming for equality and parity based on population.
1. Examples: If 20 lakh people get two representatives, 40 lakh people should get four, maintaining a constant ratio of representation per population unit.

What is formed after each census to adjust representation based on population changes?

A Delimitation Commission (परिसीमन आयोग) is formed after each census to adjust representation.

Is the Delimitation Commission a Constitutional Body?

No, the Delimitation Commission is not a Constitutional Body, but it is mentioned under the Constitution.

How many times has the Delimitation Commission been formed?

The Delimitation Commission has been formed four times.

In which years was the Delimitation Commission formed?

The Delimitation Commission was formed in 1952, 1962, 1972, and 2002.

Why did some Southern states have a problem with delimitation?

Some Southern states complained that Northern states (referred to as 'BIMARU' states) were increasing their population, which would lead to increased representation in Parliament, while Southern states were focusing on population control and literacy, potentially decreasing their representation.

Which amendment froze delimitation until 2000?

The 42nd Amendment froze delimitation until the year 2000, based on the 1971 census.

Which amendment extended the freeze on delimitation until 2026?

The 84th Amendment extended the freeze on delimitation until 2026.

When is the next census expected to take place?

The next census is expected to take place in 2027.

What does Article 83 talk about?

Article 83 talks about the Duration of the Houses of Parliament.

Is the Council of State (Rajya Sabha) subject to dissolution?

No, the Council of State (Rajya Sabha) is not subject to dissolution because it is a permanent house (स्थाई सदन).
1. Explanation: Rajya Sabha is described as an evergreen forest because its members retire in rotation, not all at once, ensuring it is always "green" (functional).

What is the term of members of Rajya Sabha?

The term of members of Rajya Sabha is six years.

How often do members of Rajya Sabha retire?

One-third (1/3rd) of Rajya Sabha members retire every two years.

Is the House of People (Lok Sabha) subject to dissolution?

Yes, the House of People (Lok Sabha) is subject to dissolution.

What is the maximum duration for the House of People (Lok Sabha)?

The House of People (Lok Sabha) can continue for a maximum of five years from the date appointed for its first meeting.

What is the minimum duration for the House of People (Lok Sabha)?

There is no minimum duration for the House of People (Lok Sabha); it can be as short as 13 days if the government loses a no-confidence motion.

Can the 5-year period of Lok Sabha be extended?

Yes, the 5-year period of Lok Sabha can be extended only in the case of an emergency.

For how long can the Lok Sabha's period be extended during an emergency?

During an emergency, the Lok Sabha's period can be extended for one year at a time, for any number of years, but it requires approval from Parliament.

If an emergency ends, how soon must elections be held?

If an emergency ends, elections must be held within six months.

What is the tenure of Rajya Sabha itself and its members?

Rajya Sabha has no tenure as it is a permanent house, but its members have a tenure of six years.

What is the tenure of Lok Sabha itself and its members?

Lok Sabha has a maximum tenure of five years for itself and its members.

What does Article 84 talk about?

Article 84 talks about the Qualification for Membership of Parliament.

What is the first qualification for a Member of Parliament?

The first qualification for a Member of Parliament is that they must be a citizen of India.

What is the minimum age for membership in the Council of State (Rajya Sabha)?

The minimum age for membership in the Council of State (Rajya Sabha) is 30 years.

What is the minimum age for membership in the House of People (Lok Sabha)?

The minimum age for membership in the House of People (Lok Sabha) is 25 years.

Why is Rajya Sabha called the House of Elders?

Rajya Sabha is called the House of Elders due to the higher minimum age requirement (30 years) for its members compared to Lok Sabha (25 years).

Why is the President an integral part of Parliament?

The President is an integral part of Parliament because no bill can become an act (law) without the President's assent (consent).

What does Article 85 talk about?

Article 85 talks about the Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation, and Dissolution.

How many sessions of Parliament are there, and what are their names?

There are three sessions of Parliament: the Budget Session (longest), Monsoon Session, and Winter Session (shortest).

What is the maximum gap allowed between two sessions of Parliament?

The maximum gap allowed between two sessions of Parliament (recess period) should not exceed six months.
1. Explanation: This implies that a minimum of two sessions must be held in a year.

Who summons (बुलाता है) the sessions of Parliament?

The President summons the sessions of Parliament.

Who prorogues (सत्रावसान) the sessions of Parliament?

The President prorogues the sessions of Parliament.
1. Explanation: Prorogation means concluding a session and asking members to leave until the next session.

What is the difference between prorogation and dissolution?

Dissolution is a bigger instrument than prorogation; prorogation means concluding a session, while dissolution means the house is permanently ended and new elections will be held.

Which house of Parliament can the President dissolve?

The President can only dissolve the House of People (Lok Sabha).
1. Things to remember: Rajya Sabha is a continuing chamber and is not subject to dissolution.

Under what circumstances can the President dissolve Lok Sabha?

The President can dissolve Lok Sabha when the government loses majority (e.g., through a no-confidence motion), or if the Prime Minister dies or resigns, or if no party can prove a majority.

What happens after the President dissolves Lok Sabha?

After the President dissolves Lok Sabha, new elections will be held to form a new Council of Ministers.

What does Article 86 talk about?

Article 86 talks about the Right of the President to address and send messages to the Houses.

What is a "Special Address" by the President?

A "Special Address" (विशेष संबोधन) by the President occurs at the commencement of the first session after a general election (new Lok Sabha) and at the commencement of the first session of each year.

What is the Special Address also called?

The Special Address is also called the Motion of Thanks.

What happens if the government fails to pass the Motion of Thanks?

If the government fails to pass the Motion of Thanks, it indicates that the government does not have the majority in the Lower House (Lok Sabha).

What does Article 88 talk about?

Article 88 talks about the Rights of Ministers and the Attorney General as respect of in the Houses.

What is the right of every Minister and the Attorney General regarding speaking in Parliament?

Every Minister and the Attorney General have the right to speak in either House of Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha).

Can Ministers and the Attorney General vote in any house of Parliament?

Ministers and the Attorney General can only vote in the house of which they are a member.
1. Examples: The Prime Minister, if a Lok Sabha member, can speak in Rajya Sabha but cannot vote there; a Rajya Sabha member like Nirmala Sitharaman can speak in Lok Sabha but cannot vote there.

Is the Attorney General a member of any house of Parliament?

No, the Attorney General is not a member of either House of Parliament.

Can the Attorney General vote in Parliament?

No, the Attorney General cannot vote in Parliament because he is not a member of either house, even though he can take part in the proceedings.

In which house can a no-confidence motion be brought?

A no-confidence motion can only be brought in Lok Sabha.

In what case can a Prime Minister not vote in a no-confidence motion?

A Prime Minister cannot vote in a no-confidence motion if they are a member of Rajya Sabha, because the no-confidence motion can only be brought in Lok Sabha.

Have any Prime Ministers been members of Rajya Sabha?

Yes, Prime Ministers like Manmohan Singh and Indira Gandhi were members of Rajya Sabha.

What general advice is given regarding political parties?

It is advised not to be rigid or quarrel with family/friends over political parties, and to be politically aware without being rigid in mindset, as nothing in politics is completely black or white.
1. Things to remember: Being politically aware is important for voting decisions.
2. Examples: The speaker mentions encountering comments labeling him as "anti-BJP" or "anti-Congress" based on his statements.

Please note that the final point regarding general advice on political awareness is a commentary by the speaker and not a factual detail about the Indian parliamentary system itself from the Constitu