Physics

According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the gravitational force between two masses is

directly proportional to the product of their masses

What happens to the gravitational force if the mass of one of the objects is tripled

it triples

Which of the following best describes the nature of gravitational force

always attractive

Which of the following best describes the orbital motion of planets around the Sun

Kepler's First Law

Which of the following statements is TRUE about gravitational force

it acts between any two objects with mass

What does Kepler's Third Law mathematically relate

orbital period and distance from the Sun

If Planet A is farther from the Sun than Planet B, then according to Kepler's Third Law

Planet A has a longer orbital period than Planet B

Which of the following best explains why comets speed up when closer to the Sun

conservation of energy and Kepler's Second Law

Kepler's First Law states that planets move around the Sun in what type of path

ellipse

Which of the following correctly pairs Kepler's Laws with its description

Third Law - relationship between orbital period and distance

Which of the following is the best definition of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

a periodic motion where restoring force is proportional to displacement

If the frequency of SHM doubles, what happens to the period

it becomes half

Which scenario indicates damping in SHM

a guitar string vibrating in open air

If two identical pendulums are taken, one on Earth and one in a spacecraft far from gravity, how will they compare

the pendulum in spacecraft has infinite period

Which of the following quantities remains constant in ideal SHM (no energy loss)

frequency

When comparing sound traveling in air, water, and steel, which conclusion is correct about speed of sound

it travels fastest in steel due to high particle density and strong bonding

Two students clap their hands at the same time in a large empty hall. One hears a faint repetition of the sound seconds later. What property is being analyzed

echo

A tuning fork vibrates at a frequency of 440 Hz. If the speed of sound in air is 330 m/s, what is the wavelength of the sound

0.75 m

Which of the following best describes the relationship between frequency and wavelength in a wave, assuming the velocity is constant

as frequency increases, wavelength decreases

How does the amplitude of a sound wave affect its loudness

larger amplitude produces a louder sound

A student shakes one end of a rope up and down, creating waves that travel horizontally. What type of wave is formed, and why

transverse, because particles move perpendicular to energy transfer

A student claims that the Doppler Effect can explain why a car engine sounds different when it passes by a listener

the claim is correct because relative motion between source and observer changes the observed frequency

A police siren emits a constant frequency as it moves toward a stationary observer

the observer hears a higher pitch because the sound waves are compressed, decreasing wavelength and increasing frequency

A student claims: "If you double your distance from a sound source, the intensity of the sound will be reduced to half"

incorrect, because intensity decreases with the square of the distance, so it becomes one-fourth

Two observers stand at different distances from a loudspeaker. Observer A is 3 meters away, while Observer B is 6 meters away

the claim that Observer B hears the sound one-half as intense is incorrect, because Observer B hears the sound one-fourth as intense

An ambulance moves toward a listener at rest. The siren produces a frequency of 500 Hz

the listener hears a frequency higher than 500 Hz because wave crests are compressed

When a sound source moves toward a stationary listener, what happens to the frequency and wavelength of the sound perceived

frequency increases, wavelength decreases

If a liquid has a specific gravity of 0.8, what does this mean compared to water

the liquid is less dense than water

A teacher asks students to design an experiment that compares the densities of oil and water

measure equal volumes of oil and water, weigh them, and compare their masses

A container holds two liquids of different densities. At the same depth, in which liquid will the pressure be greater

the liquid with higher density

A student claims: "The pressure at the bottom of a container depends only on the total weight of liquid, not on its depth"

the claim is incorrect because pressure depends on depth and density, not total weight

A mechanic uses a hydraulic lift to raise a car

the claim that pressure applied to the small piston is transmitted equally to the larger piston, allowing a small force to lift a heavy car, is correct because it explains Pascal's principle accurately

According to Archimedes' principle, what causes an object to float in water

the buoyant force equals or is greater than the weight of the object

A block of wood floats in water

it floats because the buoyant force equals the weight of the wood

An egg is placed at the bottom of a bowl filled with water. Salt is slowly added to the water until the egg rises and floats

this shows that the density of salt water exceeds the density of the egg

A water supply system delivers water through two connected pipes. Pipe A is narrow while Pipe B is wide

according to Bernoulli's principle, pipe A (narrow) has the lower pressure

A student places a solid block into a container of water. The block seems lighter when submerged, and a spring balance shows that the loss of weight is equal to the weight of displaced water

this demonstrates Archimedes' principle that a body immersed in a fluid loses weight equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

Maria places a thermometer in a cup of hot coffee and then in tea, and it shows the same reading

in the concept of Zeroth Law, this means the Zeroth Law is more fundamental because it defines temperature measurement

A laboratory technician places two different thermometers in a beaker of water that has reached thermal equilibrium, but they show different readings

the technician should check the calibration accuracy

A laboratory technician is testing the thermal expansion of a metal rod. During the experiment, the rod's temperature is increased by 20 ℃

the equivalent temperature in Fahrenheit is 68 °F

A steel rod of length 2.0 m expands by 0.002 m when heated. If the coefficient of linear expansion is 1.1×10⁻⁵ ℃⁻¹

the temperature increase caused the expansion is 100 ℃

A metal spoon is placed in a cup of hot coffee. After a few minutes, it no longer feels hotter or cooler

this indicates the spoon and coffee have reached the same temperature

Which of the following best describes thermal expansion

increase in length, area, or volume of a material when heated

A blacksmith heats an iron ring before fitting it onto a wheel

the ring expands because increased vibrations reduce intermolecular attraction

During bridge construction, both steel and aluminum rods are installed

aluminum expands more because it has a greater coefficient of linear expansion

A 2 m steel rod (a = 12×10⁻⁶ /℃) heated by 100 ℃ increases in length by

0.0024 m

A 200 g copper block (c = 390 J/kg·℃) heated from 20 ℃ to 100 ℃ absorbs

7800 J

A gas in a closed container releases 250 J of heat and the surroundings do 150 J of work on it

the change in internal energy is -100 J

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics

energy can neither be created nor destroyed

When applying the First Law of Thermodynamics, a positive value for work done by the system means

the system is doing work on its surroundings