278 exam prep

What does a programmer do first to use an existing programming library?

Include the library

What relationship is common among a programming library's functions? 

Functions all relate to the same purpose.

What is an advantage of using a programming library? 

The code has already been tested. 

Which language is dynamically typed?

Python

Which language is not built on object-oriented design principles? 

C

A language substantially supports a programmer creating items like person, teacher, and students. Each item has internal data and some operations.  
Which characteristic describes that language?

Object-oriented

A programmer wants a compiler to report an error if an integer variable is assigned with a string. 
 
Which kind of language should the programmer use?

Statically typed

A language uses tags around text to indicate how that text should be formatted. 
 
Which characteristic describes a language having such tags?

Markup

What is a characteristic of a compiled language?

Converts to machine language before running

What is a characteristic of an interpreted language?

Runs easily on different kinds of machines

What is an advantage of interpreted programs? 

They can be modified at run time. 

Which characteristic specifically describes a markup language?

Tags surround text to describe desired formatting.

Which characteristic specifically describes interpreted languages?

They can be run one statement at a time.

Which characteristic specifically describes interpreted languages?

They can run on any machine having the right interpreter.

A car drove 200 miles using 10 gallons of fuel.
 
Which operation should be used to compute the miles per gallon, which is 20?

Division

Which operator should be used to determine if a number is evenly divisible by 5?

%

A variable should hold a person's height in meters.
 
Which data type should the variable be?

Float

A variable should hold the names of all past U.S. presidents. 

Which data type should the variable be?

String array

A program uses the number of seconds in a minute in various calculations.
 
How should the item that holds the number of seconds in a minute be declared?

Constant integer secondsPerMinute

A program determines if a user's age is high enough to run for U.S. president. The minimum age requirement is 35. 

How should the item that holds the minimum age be declared?

Constant integer minAge

Given integer x = 3 and integer y = 5.
What is the value of the expression (x / 2.0) + y?

6.5

Given float x = 10.2 and float y = 1.0.
What is the value of the expression x / y?

10.2

What kind of operator is the ==  in the expression i== 20?

Equality

What is the purpose of parentheses () in a programming expression? 

To group expressions 

Given float x = 3.0.
 
Which expression evaluates to 2.0? 

x / 2 + 0.5 /2 + .25

Which data type is used for items that are measured in length?

Float

Which expression represents all the values of x, when x is the age ranging from 18 to 24 years old?

(x >= 18) and (x <= 24)

Which data type should be used to keep track of how many planes are in a hangar?

Integer

A function should convert hours and minutes to seconds, such as converting 1 hour and 10 minutes to 4,200 seconds. 
What should be the input to the function?

Hours and minutes

A function returns a number x cubed. For example, if x is 3, the function returns 3 3 3, or 27.
 
What should be the input to the function?

x

A function calculates the weight difference (Diff) given two sample weights (S1 and S2).
 
What should be the output from the function?

Diff

function P(integer x) returns integer y
   y = 2 * x
 
What does P(5) evaluate to?

10

Function F()
   Put "Hey" to output
 
What entire output appears after three successive calls to F()?

HeyHeyHey

What is a valid user-defined function name?

Any valid identifier

A function MyFct has an input x and an output z.
 
What does MyFct return?

z only

What is the return value of a function?

Output of a function

A program should continue accepting input numbers, adding each to a sum, until a 0 is input.
 
Which control structure should be used?

While loop

Joe is building an online game. He wants to provide a riddle and have the player guess the answer. The game needs to prompt the user to enter the answer, check to see if it the input provided does not match the correct answer, and continue prompting the user until the answer entered matches the correct answer. 

Which control structure supports Joe’s needs?

Do-while loop

What is put to output by the following pseudocode?
 
x = 3
do
   Put x to output
   Put " " to output
   x = x - 1
while x > 0

3 2 1

A programmer has developed the following code:
 
count = 0
while count is less than 5:
    print 'Hello'
 
What is the result of implementing this code?

'Hello' will print indefinitely.

What is the loop expression in the following pseudocode?
 
i = 0
while i < 20
   Put i to output
   i = i + 1

i < 20

What is the loop variable initialization in the following pseudocode?
 
y = 0
s = 100.0
while y < 10
   s = s + (s * 5.0)
   y = y + 1

y = 0

Order the statements needed to output the minimum of x and y from first (1) to last (4).
 
Select your answer from the pull down list.

Declare variable min

min = x

If y < min, set min = y

Put min to output

Given a start and end location and time traveled in hours, order the statements needed to calculate speed in miles per hour  from first (1) to last (4). 
 
Select your answers from the pull-down list.

Declare variables distMiles and speedMph

distMiles = endLocation - startLocation

speedMph = distMiles / timeHours

Put speedMph to output

Order the tasks needed to create a pyramid (large on bottom, small on top) on a table from first (1) to last (4).
 
Select your answer from the pull down list.

Clear table.

Place largest shape.

Place middle-sized shape.

Place smallest shape.

What does the following algorithm determine?
if x == y
   z = 1
else
   z = 0

Whether x and y are the same

What does the following algorithm accomplish?
x = Get next input
if x == –1
   Put "Goodbye" to output

Outputs Goodbye when user types –1

What does an output of 1 indicate for the following algorithm running on a five-element list of integers?
i = 0
x = 0
while i < 5
   if list[i] < 0
      x = 1
   i = i + 1
Put x to output

At least one integer is negative.

When should a programmer develop an algorithm to solve a problem?

Before writing a program to solve the problem

Which text represents an algorithm? 

Insert key, turn key, open door.

Which text represents an algorithm? 

Shake bulb; if it rattles, replace it.

An algorithm should output "OK" if a list's numbers are all non-zero, else the output is "Not OK."
 
Which test is a valid test of the algorithm? 

Input 99, 0, 5. Ensure output is "Not OK."

What is put to output by the following flowchart, if the input is 17?

OK

What is put to output by the following flowchart, if the input is 3 5 -1?

6 10

What is the purpose of the following class diagram?

Depicts the Employee class' name, data members, and functions

What is the purpose of a use case diagram, such as the following diagram?

Describes how a user can interact with a program

Which elements are characteristic of a class diagram?

System’s classes, attributes, and methods and their features, constraints, and relationships

Review the following use case diagram:

What does a use case diagram do?

Provides an overview of several use cases

Which phase of a waterfall approach would create a sequence diagram that specifies the required order of events between completed program components?

Design

Which phase of an agile approach would define a hypothesis to find a problem in a program?

Testing

Which phase of an agile approach would create an executable program?

Implementation

Which phase of an agile approach would create a list of components needed to build an online auction site?

Design

Which phase of a waterfall approach defines a program's goals?

Analysis

After a programmer is done writing a program, another person runs the program hundreds of times, each time with different input, checking that each run yields correct output.
 
Which phase of a waterfall approach is the person carrying out?

Testing

A programmer decides a program should convert U.S. units to metric units and decides to write the program in C++ using several functions.
 
Which phase of a waterfall approach is occurring when the programmer starts writing the program?

Implementation

A company has a new project it wishes to implement to track and analyze employee and customer interactions. The company leadership determines that the system should support direct data entry as well as automated data capture of phone calls and emails.
 
Which phase of the waterfall process is occurring?

Analysis

A programmer shows a program's first version to a customer. The customer provides feedback, which causes the programmer to change the goals of the program.
 
In which phase of an agile approach are goals changed based on customer feedback?

Analysis

A programmer shows a program's first version to a customer. Based on feedback, the programmer begins writing a second version of the program.
 
In which phase of an agile approach does the writing of a second version of the program occur?

Implementation

A programmer shows a program's first version to a customer. Based on feedback, the programmer creates a second version, and then has a colleague run the second version on numerous inputs to ensure outputs are correct.
 
Which phase of an agile approach is that colleague carrying out?

Testing

A programmer is currently programming the fourth version of a program. Each version has additional features to satisfy more customers.
 
In which phase of an agile approach does the programming of the fourth version occur?

Implementation