Public Speaking Lesson 1 - 3

Pericles

According to a famous Greek leader named ________ more than 2,500 years ago

PUBLIC SPEAKING

It is conveying your message, thoughts, and ideas to a particular audience.

1. Public speaking is a powerful weapon of change.

2. Public speaking can build connections.

3. Public speaking can be a vital means of civic engagement.

4. Public speaking also helps in career advancement and development.

THE 4 POWERS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

Rhetoric

The art of public speech was studied as-

Stage fright

One of the major concerns of students in any speech class

Stage Fright

The anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

Because NERVOUSNESS IS NORMAL

If you feel nervous about giving a speech, you are in a very good company. Why?

Abraham Lincoln, and Winston Churchill

Some of the greatest public speakers in history have suffered from stage fright, including

adrenaline

a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

positive nervousness

a zesty, enthusiastic, lively feeling with a slight edge to it…. It’s still nervousness, but it feels different

1. Acquire Speaking Experience.

2. Prepare, Prepare, Prepare.

3. Think positively.

4. Use the Power of Visualization.

5. Know that Most Nervousness is Not Visible.

6. Do not Expect Perfection.

SIX WAYS TO TURN NERVOUSNESS FROM A NEGATIVE FORCE INTO A POSITIVE ONE

critical thinking

focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion.

1. Speaker

2. Message

3. Channel

4. Listener

5. Feedback

6. Interference

7. Situation

7 SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Speaker.

Speech communication begins with a _____

Message.

It is whatever a speaker communicates to someone else.

Channel.

It is the means by which a message is communicated.

Listener.

The ______ is the person who receives the communicated message from the speaker.

frame of reference

the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same-

Feedback.

_______ is the message, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker.

Interference.

It is anything that impedes the communication of a message.

internal interference

external interference

2 Types of Interference

internal interference

this comes from within your audience.

external interference

these happens outside you audience

Situation.

It is the time and place in which speech communication occurs.

ETHICS

is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human

affairs.

Ethics

is what guides us to tell the truth

Honesty

The core principle of ethical

communication is

ETHICAL DILEMMA

a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action

ETHICAL DECISION

involves weighing potential courses of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines

1. Make sure your goals are ethically sound.

2. Be fully prepared for each speech.

3. Be honest in what you say.

4. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language

5. Put ethical principles into practice.

GUIDELINES FOR ETHICAL SPEAKING

name-calling

It is the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups. Such terms have been used to debase people because of their sexual orientation, religious beliefs, and ethnic background. It includes epithets.

epithets

or special nicknames that replace the name of a person and often describe them in some way.

PLAGIARISM

means to present another person’s language or ideas as your own – to give the impression you have written or thought yourself when you have actually taken it from someone else.

plagiarius

Plagiarism comes from _______ — the Latin word for kidnapper.

Global plagiarism

and unforgivable – kind of plagiarism. It is grossly unethical. It is stealing your speech entirely form another source and passing it of as your own.

Patchwork plagiarism

Unlike global plagiarism, in which a speaker pirates an entire speech from a single source, _____________ occurs when a speaker takes from two or three sources.

Incremental plagiarism.

It is when the entire speech is cribbed more or less verbatim from a single source or a few sources. It occurs when the speaker fails to give credit for particular parts – increments – of the speech that are borrowed from other people.

• Quotation

• Paraphrases

2 Types of Incremental Plagiarism

Quotations

Whenever you _____ someone directly, you must attribute the words to that person. It would make a strong addition to your speech as long as you acknowledge the owners/authors.

Paraphrase

When you _______ an author, you restate or summarize her or his in your own words. You need to acknowledge the author or the person because still, with just a fair amount of his/her language, you are still using his/her opinions, ideas, and judgment.

Quintilian

According to ______, “A liar should have a good memory”

Mark Twain

according to__________ “If

you tell the truth, you don’t have to remember anything”.

1. Be courteous and attentive.

2. Avoid prejudging the speaker.

3. Maintain the free and open expression of ideas.

GUIDELINES FOR ETHICAL LISTENING

Ethics

So,______ is a very important part of communication, likewise, it is an important part of the public speaking process.

• Global Plagiarism

• Patchwork Plagiarism

• Incremental Plagiarism

3 Kinds of Plagiarism

HEARING

is a physiological process. It involves the vibration of sound waves on our eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses from the inner ear to the central auditory system of the brain.

LISTENING

involves paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear.

Listening

________ is important to you as a speaker. It is probably the way you get most of your ideas and information – from television, radio, conversation, and lectures.

Listening

is the quickest and easiest way of obtaining information.______ is important in the academic, professional, and personal contexts.

• Appreciative listening

• Empathic listening

• Comprehensive listening

• Critical listening

KINDS OF LISTENING

Appreciative listening

for pleasure and enjoyment, or anything that helps us relax or makes us feel and happy

Empathic listening

to provide emotional support for the speaker

Comprehensive listening

to understand the message of a speaker and gain information

Critical listening

to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it

• summarizing information

• recalling facts

• distinguishing main points from minor points

The following skills are central to comprehensive listening:

• separating facts from opinions

• spotting weaknesses from in reasoning

• judging the soundness of evidence

Other skills of critical thinking are especially important in critical listening. These are:

1. Not concentrating.

2. Listening too hard.

3. Jumping to conclusions.

4. Focusing on delivery and personal appearance

4 CAUSES OF POOR LISTENING

spare brain time

the difference between the rate at which most people talk (120 to 150 words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400 to 800 words a minute).

1. Take listening seriously.

2. Be an active listener.

3. Resist distractions.

4. Do not be diverted by appearance or delivery.

5. Suspend judgment.

6. Focus your listening.

7. Develop note-taking skills.

HOW TO BECOME A BETTER LISTENER

active listening

giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker’s point of view.

1.1. Listen for Main Points.

1.2. Listen for Evidence.

1.3. Listen for Techniques.

3 Parts When Focusing on Listening

key-word outline

an outline that briefly notes a speaker’s main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form.