Circulatory, Respiratory

cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

connective tissue

A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

diaphragm

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

epithelial tissue

A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out

matrix

Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion

muscle tissue

A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.

neuron

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

nervous system

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.

skeletal muscle

A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.

smooth muscle

involuntary muscle found in internal organs

aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

aortic valves

prevent backflow from the atria to the ventricles when the ventricles relax. Btwn ventricle and aorta

arteriole

Any of the small terminal twigs of an artery that ends in capillaries

artery

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Atherosclerosis

condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries

Atrioventricular valves

Valves located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side of the heart, prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.

atrioventricular node

A specialized mass of conducting cells located at the atrioventricular junction in the heart.

atrium

Each of the two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood that comes into the heart

blood pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels

capillary

A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.

cardiovasular system

the system consisting of the heart and blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body

circulatory system

Transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, heat, etc... around the body

coronary circulation

circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue

diastolic pressure

Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.

hypertension

high blood pressure

inferior vena cava

A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm.

mitral valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

pacemaker

A group of cells located in the right atrium that sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract and that regulates heart rate.

pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart

pulmonary valve

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

pulmonary circulation

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

pulmonary vein

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

semilunar valve

a valve located at each exit of the heart, where the aorta leaves the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle

septum

Divides the right and left chambers of the heart

sinoatrial node

A small mass of tissue that is made up of Purkinje fibers, ganglion cells, and nerve fibers, that is embedded in the musculature of the right atrium, and that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat -- called also S-A node, sinus node.

superior vena cava

A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body.

systemic circulation

circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs

systolic pressure

Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles.

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

vein

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

ventricle

Bottom chambers of the heart, thicker walled and larger

venule

the smallest kind of vein

antibody

A protein that acts against a specific antigen

antigen

A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody

blood type

a classification of blood that depends on the type of antigen present on the surface of the red blood cell; A, B, AB, or O
*A, B, AB and O. Type O is the universal donor and AB blood is known as the universal recipient.

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

Any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissues and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood.

fibrin

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

hemoglobin

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen.

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

protect the body against invading organisms and remove dead cells and other
waste from the body

phagocyte

A cell (as a white blood cell) that engulfs and consumes foreign material (as microorganisms) and debris.

plasma

Liquid part of blood

platelet

a cell fragment that plays an important part in forming blood clots

Rh factor

presence or lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which causes a reaction between Rh-positive blood and Rh-negative blood

alveolus

tiny air sac at the end of a bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur

bronchiole

Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli.

bronchus

one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea

Epiglottis

a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing

expiration

breathing out (exhalation)

external respiration

the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood

inspiration

breathing in (inhalation)

internal respiration

Exchange of gases between cells of the body and the blood

larynx

voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords

trachea

Allows air to pass to and from lungs; windpipe