AP HG : Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes

Cold Mid-Latitude : North Central US, Southern Canada, and Eastern Europe

Wheat, barley, livestock, dairy cows

warm mid-latitude : Southern China, Southern US

Vegetables, fruits, rice

Mediterranean : California, Chile, Mediterranean Sea area

grapes, olives, dates

Grasslands / Continental Steppe : Northern Africa, Western US, Grasslands, Mongolia

cattle ranching, sheep, goats, horses, camels

Sub-tropical : Indonesia, West Indies

Rice, cotton, tobacco

Tropical : Equatorial Africa, Indonesia

coffee, sugar, tea, cacao, pinapple

intensive agricultural systems

require more amounts of labor and capital, use small plots of land usually near large populations, characterized by high yield per arce (ex, rice, milk, truck farming)

Extensive agricultural systems

require less labor and capital, utilize larger areas of land, often found in less populated regions, characterized by lower yield per acre (ex, shifting cultivation, live stock ranching)

Plantations Agriculture

intensive, exploits cheap labor in former colonies (ex, coffee, cacao, sugar and other cash crops are raised and sold to developed areas).

Mixed Crop and Livestock

intensive, farmers grow crops to fatten livestock for slaughter (corn and soybeans are farmed and fed to cattle and pigs in feedlots which are killed for labor intensive meat packing plants).

Market Gardening

intensive, specialize in fresh fruits and veggies that are transported to markets (grapes, lettuce and potatoes and more are planted and harvested using migrant labor)

Shifting Cultivation

extensive, farmers in tropics control a large area and clear only part of it at a time, rainforests are cleared and burned, farmers plant many different crops in the field, soil loses its fertility after a few years so farmers start the process all over.

nomadic herding

graze cattles sheeps goats and more in arid to semi arid climates, herders are mobile and move with their animals from pasture to pasture, mobility means few workers, posessions, or accumulation of wealth

ranching

ons large areas for grazing cattle and sheep to sell on the markets, land is unsuitable for farming so its less expensive than farmland

clustered settlement

connected to making a tighter community, usually found in Europe

dispersed settlement

owners connect to their land wether its farming related or not, North America

linear settlement

houses are arranged in a line, road, river

metes and bounds

short distances, landmarks

long lot

relationship to river

township and range

Survey methods vs landmarks, grid system

Fertile Crescent : Northern and Eastern Africa, Europe, Middle East

wheat, rye, barley, oats, olives

Southeast Asia : East Indies, India

taro, mango, coconut

East Asia : Korea, Japan

rice, soybeans

Central America : North and South America

maize, potatoes, squash, peppers

Sub-Saharan Africa : Southern Africa

yams, sorghum, coffee

Trade Routes : Eastern Hemisphere

diffused plants and animals, contagious diffusion

Silk Road

brought plants and animals to Central Asia, Middle East, and Europe

Indian Ocean Trade

brought plants and animals to South Asia, Middle East, Africa, and Europe

Columbian Exchange

after the Spanish conquered, meso America and South America, they diffused plants and animals to and from the area. taken to Europe, maze, a.k.a. corn, squash, potatoes, and other crops or planted. Coffee, sugar, horses, cattle, and other animals were brought to America’s, relocation diffusion

Green Revolution

spread high yield varieties of crops across the world, new varieties of plants replaced traditional crops in places like Mexico and India. These countries have seen a loss in genetic variety of plants.

Subsistence Agriculture

to grow enough food or raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and their family (1), to sell or trade any surplus for income or goods (2)

Commercial Agriculture

to grow enough crops or raise enough livestock to sell for profit

domestication

taming an animal to keep (kill or pet) or cultivating a plant for food

mono culture (from video in 5.5 slides)

one species

Second Agricultural Revolution

18th Century, Great Britian, connection to industrial revolution, role of loco., importance of resources

green revolution

might be on final frq this year

salinization

as you smth smth more to the soil, it gets salty

agribusiness

how agriculture ties to business

bid rent

closer to town, more expensive the land, vise versa

commodity chain

places of production with distribution to customers

economies of scale

buying in BULK