Understanding STDs, STIs, and Birth Control Methods

Hormonal methods

Do not protect against STDs/STIs.

Follicular phase

First phase of the ovarian cycle.

Luteal phase

Second phase of the ovarian cycle.

LH

Luteinizing hormone, triggers ovulation.

GnRH

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, regulates hormone release.

FSH

Follicle-stimulating hormone, stimulates follicle growth.

Corpus luteum

Temporary endocrine structure post-ovulation.

Progesterone

Hormone maintaining pregnancy and uterine lining.

Inhibin

Hormone that inhibits FSH production.

Estrogens

Group of hormones regulating female reproductive functions.

Basal body temperature

Temperature measured to track ovulation.

Hormonal contraceptives

Methods using hormones to prevent pregnancy.

Opill

Over-the-counter progestin-only contraceptive pill.

Nexplanon

Implantable device releasing hormones for 3 years.

Depo-Provera

Hormonal injection given every 3 months.

Nuvaring

Vaginal ring releasing hormones for 3 weeks.

IUD

Intrauterine device preventing conception.

Morning after pill

Emergency contraception taken within 72 hours.

Mifeprex

Medication for medical abortion up to 70 days.

Male hormonal birth control

Blocks sperm production through hormone injections.

Condom

Barrier method preventing STDs and pregnancy.

Diaphragm

Barrier method requiring prescription and fitting.

Female condom

Protects against STDs with flexible rings.

Spermicides

Chemicals killing sperm

Phexxi

Non-hormonal gel lowering vaginal pH.

Tubal ligation

Surgical procedure blocking egg passage.

Essure

Former permanent birth control method, now discontinued.

Hysterectomy

Surgical removal of the uterus.

Vasectomy

Surgical cutting of vas deferens for male sterilization.

VasalGel

Future reversible male contraceptive injection.