The Nature and Tools of Research

This set of flashcards covers essential concepts and vocabulary related to the nature and processes of research as discussed in the lecture notes.

Research

A systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information (data) to increase understanding of a phenomenon.

Independent Variable

A variable that stands alone and isn't changed by other variables being measured, often causing a change in a dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

A variable that depends on other factors; its change is influenced by independent variables.

Hypothesis

A logical supposition or educated guess providing a tentative explanation for a phenomenon under investigation.

Quantitative Research

Research that gathers data in numerical form, which can be categorized, ranked, or measured; often yields quantitative data from experiments.

Qualitative Research

Research that gathers information not in numerical form, focusing on descriptive data such as diary accounts, open-ended questionnaires, and interviews.

Ethics

The analysis of human actions regarding what is considered 'good' and 'evil', and involves principles that guide moral judgements.

Informed Consent

A process ensuring that participants understand what they are being asked to do in research and can withdraw without penalty.

Codes of Ethical Research

Guidelines that include honesty and integrity, responsibilities in research, truthful reporting, and participant protection.

Statistical Analysis

Descriptive statistics summarize the general nature of the obtained data, while inferential statistics help make decisions based on that data.