Studied by 0 people
insulin
peptide hormone produced by B-cells of pancreas that does anabolism
how does glucose enter the B-cells of the pancreas
Glut-2 transporters
where are GLUT-2 transporters located
liver, pancreas, and small intestine
what stimulates insulin release
arginine and leucine, CCK, GLP-1, G-1-P
what inhibits insulin release
norepinephrine → increase in serum glucose
where are GLUT-4 transporters
skeletal, cardiac, and adipose tissues
what kind of diffusion does GLUT-4 transporters participate in
facilitated diffusion
what kind of action does GLUT-4 do to bring glucose into the cell
uses vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane allowing glucose to move into the cell
what does insulin promote in regards to lipids
lipid storage increases triglyceride synth, adipocytes absorb more fatty acids circulating in the blood, inhibits lipolysis
what does insulin do in regard to protein metabolism
prevents proteolysis, absorbs amino acids to build new protein
DM1
cannot produce insulin, immune system destroys pancreatic B-cells
DM2
cells gradually lose their ability to respond to insulin (insulin resistance)
glucagon
peptide hormone by pancreatic alpha cells; does catabolism
what are the target tissues of glucagon
liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, heart, brain
what kind of receptors bind to glucagon
they are a type of GPCR
what stimulates glucagon
stress hormones (norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol)
what does glucagon do
increases blood sugar through glycogenolysis and glyconeogenesis
what does glucagon stim in terms of lipid metabolism
lipid catabolism via stress hormones
how is glycerol hydrolyzed into FFA
glucagon activates protein kinase A sensitive lipases in adipose tissues
what does glucagon do in terms of protein metabolism
it inhibits protein synthesis and allows for proteolysis; a.a. can be sent to the liver to make new glucose molecules in gluconeogenesis
Note 
Flashcard (78)