WEEK 2 DNA Replication and Telomeres

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19 Terms

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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid
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Chromosomes
Structures made of DNA
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Nucleotides
Consist of a five carbon sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
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Purines
Nucleotides with a double ring structure (A - adenine, G - guanine)
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Pyrimidines
Nucleotides with a single ring structure (C - cytosine, T - thymine)
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Antiparallel Strands
Two strands of DNA that run in opposite directions and interact to form a double strand
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Double Helix
The twisted structure formed by two strands of DNA
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Semiconservative Replication
DNA replication process producing molecules with both old and new DNA strands
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Origins of Replication (prokaryotes)
o A single origin of replication
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o Two replication forks
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o Possible because of small size
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DNA Polymerase
Enzyme that adds nucleotides to the 3' end of a primer during DNA replication
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Leading Strand
New DNA strand synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction
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Lagging Strand
New DNA strand synthesized discontinuously in short fragments
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Replication Bubble
Region where DNA replication occurs
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Telomeres
Sacrificial DNA ends that prevent the loss of important genetic information during replication
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Telomerase
Enzyme that restores telomeric DNA ends in continuously dividing cells