Metals and Non-metals

Property of metals

Melting and Boiling Points- High (they are al solid at room temperature. except mercury which is a liquid

Malleability- Malleable (they can be hammered into different shapes without breaking)

Ductility- Ductile(they can be drawn out to make wires)

Heat Conductivity- Good

Electrical Conductivity- Good

Property of Non-Metals

Melting and Boiling Points- Lower than metals(bromine is a liquid at room temperature, and eleven others are gases)

Malleability- Brittle(they break or shatter when hammered)

Ductility- Not Ductile

Heat Conductivity- Bad

Electrical Conductivity- Bad (except graphite, a form of carbon)

Alloy definition

A mixture of metals with other elements

Alloy Examples- need to remember what its made out of

Its a mixture of:

Stainless Steel: Iron, Chromium, Nickel and Carbon (C). 

Brass: Copper and Zinc

Why are alloy’s used instead of pure metals?

The alloy will have a different and improved set of physical properties from either of its “parent” metals

Example: Stainless steel is used in cutlery because of its hardness and resistance to rusting.

Alloys can be harder and stronger than pure metals

Structure of Metals vs alloys

Alloys can be harder and stronger that pure metals because of the different sized atoms in alloys means the layers can no longer slide over each other

Reactivity Series of Metals-Including Carbon and Hydrogen

P - Please Potassium

S- Send Sodium

L - Lions Lithium

C - Cats Calcium

M - Monkeys Magnesium

A - And Aluminium

C - Cute Carbon

Z - Zebras Zinc

I - Into Iron

H - Hot Hydrogen

C - Countries Copper

S - Signed Silver

G - Gordon Gold

Reactions with Metals- Water

Potassium-Reacts with cold water

Sodium- Reacts with cold water
Calcium- Reacts with cold water

Magnesium- Reacts with cold water

Aluminium- Protected by an oxide layer

Reactions with Metals- Dilute hydrochloric acid

Magnesium-Reacts, but less vigorous

Zinc-Reacts, but less vigorous

Iron-Reacts, but less vigorous

Copper-No Reaction

Silver- No Reaction

Gold-No Reaction

General word equations-Reactions of metals

1. metal + oxygen = metal oxide

2. metal + water = metal hydroxide + hydrogen

3. metal + acid = metal salt + hydrogen

The salt formed depends on the acid used:

Hydrochloric acid= Chloride

Nitric acid= Nitrate

Sulfuric acid= Sulfate

Metals reactions with water and steam-Description

Potassium, Sodium, Calcium - Fizz giving off hydrogen gas and forming a metal hydroxide solution

Magnesium (STEAM) - Reacts giving off hydrogen has and forming magnesium oxide

Extraction of metals-Related to reactivity

The ease in obtaining metals from their ores is related to their position in the reactivity series:

the more reactive the metal the harder its to obtain

the less reactive the metal the easier its to obtain

Aluminium is extracted from its ore bauxite by electrolysis

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Iron from hematite is extracted by reduction for iron(III) oxide in the blast furnace

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