Module 7 World History Review- FLVS

This is a study guide for the 7.09 test/exam for FLVS. Use it to help prepare you. Good luck.

Why was the decline of the Ottoman Empire an important part of setting the stage for World War I?

It created room for nationalist groups to struggle for independence.

Why did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand spark World War I?

It prompted Austria-Hungary to attack Serbia and begin a domino effect.

How did trench warfare impact the way World War I was fought?

It caused both sides to develop new weapons and technologies to end the stalemate.

Who led the genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina?

Slobodan Milosevic

How did the end of World War I lead to the development of Fascism in Italy?

The Italians were upset with the peace terms and depression.

Why did the stock market crash in the United States have such a large effect on Europe?

The gold standard connected banks in Europe and the U.S.

Japanese loyalties during World War II

Japan saw itself as a valuable member of the Axis powers.

What was the Potsdam Declaration?

an ultimatum threatening destruction if Japan did not surrender.

anti-Semitism in Europe

Non-Jewish Europeans felt that Jews were taking over the world.

How did the Marshall Plan change Europe?

It helped Europe recover economically after the war.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

He became the leader of Germany in 1888, and in 1890, he allowed Germany's Reinsurance Treaty with Russia to lapse.

By allowing the neutrality treaty with Russia to lapse, he opened the door for Russia's alliance with France during World War I.

Treaty of Versailles

the peace treaty drawn up during the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 at the end of World War I. The principal authors of the treaty were the "Big Four"—David Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, George Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States. (Orlando ended up pulling out of the group.) It demanded that Germany pay huge reparations. It also established the League of Nations, which in turn dismantled and reallocated the losers' empires. Germany lost its African colonies, and the Ottoman Empire was broken up completely. redrew the map of Europe and much of the rest of the world. The reparations demanded of Germany helped lead to the rise of Nazism.

Francisco Franco

A military leader who led the Nationalists to overthrow the leftist Republicans during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). With the support of Hitler and Mussolini, he became the dictator of Spain, a position he held until his death in 1975. Despite Germany and Italy's support, he kept Spain out of World War II. He kept Spain under brutal authoritarian rule for close to 40 years. Many would argue that this rule held Spain back technologically and economically.

Vladimir Lenin

He was a leader of the Bolsheviks, the communist group who overthrew the democratic government (that had in its turn recently overthrown the czar) of Russia. He then signed a treaty with Germany allowing Russia to withdraw from World War I. In 1922, Russia changed its name to the Soviet Union. he remained the country's leader. He died two years later in 1924. He was an important revolutionary thinker who led the Bolshevik Revolution and was the key architect of the Soviet Union.

New Deal

This was a plan initiated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to bring the United States out of the Depression. This plan had three main goals: provide relief for those in need, provide jobs and encourage business, and reform the government and businesses to prevent another depression. Congress set up several agencies to help achieve these goals. This helped ease the Depression but did not end it. World War II was the event that finally ended the Depression. It lowered unemployment from about 25 percent to about 15 percent, and also established social programs, such as Social Security, which are still part of our government today.

Third Reich

This is the name for the Nazi government, led by Adolf Hitler, which ruled Germany from 1933 until 1945. it was a fascist, totalitarian regime, was established after Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933. In 1934, Hitler became the president of it, as well as the chancellor and the leader of the Nazi Party. Part of the philosophy of this government and Nazism was that Germans were a biologically superior race that was destined to rule Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The policies of this led to World War II and ultimately the deaths of many millions of people.

Pearl Harbor

The attack here was an attack by the Japanese air force on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii. About 2,500 Americans were killed and much of the U.S. fleet destroyed. This direct attack against U.S. soil caused the U.S. to enter World War II.

Manhattan Project

This was the secret program to develop an atomic bomb. It was started in 1938. In 1945, scientists proved successful and atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. These bombs destroyed both cities and killed hundreds of thousands of people. The dropping of the bombs also led to Japan's surrender. Without this, the United States would not have developed the atomic bomb. This initiated the atomic age, which led to scientific advancements such as nuclear power and nuclear medicine. On the other hand, the atomic age also led to the Cold War and the threat of nuclear annihilation.

Holocaust

the genocide carried out by the Nazis during World War II. It lasted from 1939 to 1945. During it, 11 million people were killed, including six million Jews. Though the discovery of the extremity of this event did not end genocide, it has led to a greater worldwide condemnation of genocide. It also led to the establishment of Israel.

Potsdam Conference

a meeting of Allied leaders at the end of World War II. The main participants were Harry Truman (U.S. President), Winston Churchill and Clement Attlee (both British Prime Ministers), and Joseph Stalin. Discussions that started at the Yalta Conference were extended and finalized at this conference. It divided Germany into occupation zones and determined Poland's borders, which in turn gave the Soviet Union its toehold in Eastern Europe. This soon led to the Eastern Bloc and the Iron Curtain.

self-determination

the political principle that every nationality should be allowed autonomy and its own country

anti-Semitism

policies, views, or actions that discriminate against Jews

totalitarian

a government in which one party rules a nation

blitzkrieg

the total military onslaught by the Nazis

radiation

energy given off by a nuclear reaction

inflation

an increase in the supply of currency or credit in relation to the availability of goods and services

demilitarization

to rid a country or area of its military organization and weapons

Fascism

deology stressing dictatorship, state control, extreme nationalism, and elimination of opposition

trenches

deep narrow ditches in the ground

genocide

the systematic destruction of a national, ethnic, or religious group

propaganda

media intended to influence public opinion

democratization

to make a country or organization democratic

appeasement

giving in to another's unreasonable or immoral demands

militarism

the strong influence by the military on the government of a country

isolationism

the policy of non-involvement with foreign problems