Respiratory Disorders

What kind of drugs will terminate an asthma episode

Beta-2 adrenergic agonists (bronchodilation)

Why is inhalation route preferred?

• Drug is delivered to the target site rather than the whole body

• Less like to have systemic side effects

Describe salmeterol

For asthma

• Beta-2 agonist

• Can cause tachycardia, chest pain, allergic responses, restlessness

Describe salbutamol

For asthma

• Short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist

• Can cause headache, tachycardia, bronchospasm, irregular heartbeats

Describe methylxanthines

Long-term management of asthma

• When beta agonists do not work

• Can cause n&v, CNS stimulation

Describe ipratropium

For asthma & chronic bronchitis

• Blocks PNS receptors

• Can cause urinary retention, dry mouth, n&v, GI distress, tachycardia, peridoxical bronchospasm

Nursing considerations for patients on bronchodilators

• Complete heath hx

• Breath sounds

• Vitals

• Pulmonary function tests

Pharmacotherapy of asthma drugs that can prevent episodes

• Glucocorticoids (most effective)

• Mast cell stabilizers (prevents histamine release)

• Leukotriene modifiers (reduce inflammation)

• Monoclonal antibodies (prevents histamine release)

Types of inhalation devices

• Meter-dosed inhalers (can be used with a spacer)

• Dry-powder inhalers

• Nebulizers

What are antitussives & what are the classes

Used to manage productive coughs

• Opioids & non-opioids

Describe dextromethorphan

Treating non-productive coughs (Robitussin)

• Raises cough threshold

• Dizziness, sedation, stupor, seizures, coma

What are expectorants

Reduces the thickness or viscosity of the bronchial secretions allowing it to be more easily removed

What are mucolytics

Breaks down the thick mucous so it is more easily removed

Pharmacotherapy for COPD

• Mucolytics & expectorants

• Bronchodilators

• Anti-inflammatory agents

Describe carbon dioxide necrosis in patients with COPD

COPD patients should not be expected to have a high O2 saturation

• Lower O2 sats will increase the drive to breath

• Higher O2 sats will decrease this