Reconstruction

Reconstruction

Period of advancement of African American rights

Ten Percent Plan

Lincoln's plan that allowed a southern state to form a new government after 10 percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States

Johnson's Plan

Amnesty for those taking an oath of loyalty to the union; Required states to abolish slavery

Radical Republicans

After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.

Congressional Reconstruction/Reconstruction Acts

Divided the South into 5 military districts and stationed troops in each district

Thirteenth Amendment

1865 - Freed all slaves, abolished slavery.

Fourteenth Amendment

A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.

Sharecropping System

Dominant agricultural system in the South after the Civil War.

Freedmen's Bureau

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs

Hiram Revels

first African American senator; Mississippi

Blanche K. Bruce

Became a senator for Mississippi in 1874 -- the only black to be elected to a full term until Edward Brooke in 1966.

Black Codes

Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

Amendment

A change in, or addition to, a constitution or law

poll tax

A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

literacy test

A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote

Grandfather Clause

allowed people to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before Reconstruction

Plessy v. Ferguson

"separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of Jim Crow laws

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

Freedmen

Enslaved people who had been freed by the war

Fifteenth Amendment

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

the withdrawal of federal troops from the South

Redemption

Return of former Confederates to power in the South after Reconstruction

Amnesty Act

1872 reinstates voting rights to all white southerners

Election of 1876/Compromise of 1877

Event in which Rutherford Hayes became president in exchange for ending Reconstruction

Home Rule in the South

Southern states' ability to govern WITHOUT interference from the Federal Government after Reconstruction

literacy tests and poll taxes

were used to prevent African Americans from voting

Grandfather Clause

allowed poor, illiterate white Southerners to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before Reconstruction

Acts of Congress vetoed by President Johnson?

Freedmen's Bureau

Congressional Override

The power of Congress to pass legislation over a president's veto

Reconstruction Acts 1867

Created five military districts in the South, The South had to write new state constitutions, Must allow freedmen to vote, Must ratify the 14th amendment