Flashcard

Nursing Theory

A major theme in nursing that emerged in the last half of the 20th century, stimulating professional growth globally.

United States Congress and Nurse Leaders

Advocated for nursing to be recognized as a profession with established criteria for nursing knowledge.

Florence Nightingale

The founder of modern nursing, who established a School of Nursing and emphasized the importance of educated nurses.

Nursing Knowledge

The specialized body of knowledge that guides nursing practice, distinct from medical knowledge.

Curriculum Era (1900-1940s)

Focused on developing standardized nursing education and moving from hospital-based training to colleges.

Research Emphasis Era

A period where nursing leaders embraced higher education and research to develop new nursing knowledge.

Theory Era

The phase where nursing theory became integral to nursing education, practice, and research.

Doctoral Education

The development of nursing doctoral programs emphasizing theory and research in nursing science.

Nursing as a Profession

The transition from a vocational to a professional status, requiring a well-defined body of knowledge.

Hildegard E. Peplau

Known as the Mother of psychiatric nursing, she emphasized the importance of the nurse-patient relationship.

Virginia Henderson

Defined nursing as assisting individuals in achieving independence and proposed 14 basic human needs.

Faye Glenn Abdellah

Developed the "Twenty-One Nursing Problems" framework, emphasizing patient-centered approaches in nursing.

Ernestine Wiedenbach

Defined nursing as a helping art and emphasized the importance of identifying patients' needs.

Lydia Hall

Developed the Core, Care, and Cure Model, focusing on the holistic care of patients.

Joyce Travelbee

Proposed the Human-to-Human Relationship Model, emphasizing empathy and rapport in nursing.

Kathryn E. Barnard

Pioneered infant mental health and developed the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Project.

Evelyn Adam

Focused on the development of nursing models and theories, emphasizing clarity in nursing terminology.

Roper-Logan-Tierney Model

A nursing model based on activities of living, emphasizing individual patient care.

Ida Jean Orlando

Developed the Nursing Process Theory, highlighting the importance of the nurse-patient relationship.

Significance of Nursing Theory

Essential for the recognition of nursing as an academic discipline and a profession.

Nursing Theory

A major theme in nursing that emerged in the last half of the 20th century, stimulating professional growth globally.

Professional Growth

The continuous improvement in nursing through quality enhancement, literature development, and education worldwide.

Historical Nursing Care

Earlier nurses provided excellent care, but knowledge was not uniformly applied in practice or education.

United States Congress and Nurse Leaders

Advocated for nursing to be recognized as a profession in the early 20th century.

Criteria for Nursing Practice

Required standards of nursing knowledge to improve the quality of care and gain professional recognition.

Specialized Body of Knowledge

The sustained efforts documented in nursing history aimed at developing knowledge to guide nursing practice.

Florence Nightingale

The founder of professional nursing, who envisioned educated women in nursing during a time of limited opportunities for women.

Crimean War Contribution

Nightingale organized and cared for wounded soldiers, marking a significant contribution to nursing history.

School of Nursing

Nightingale established a nursing school at St. Thomas’ Hospital, which contributed to the birth of modern nursing.

Nursing as an Academic Discipline

Recognition of nursing as a specialized field of study with its own body of knowledge evolved from Nightingale's vision.

Distinction in Knowledge

Nightingale clarified the difference between nursing knowledge and medical knowledge, emphasizing the unique focus of nursing.

Nature's Role in Healing

Nightingale believed nurses should create optimal conditions for patients to recover, distinct from medical practices.

Development of Nursing Knowledge

Serious discussions in the 1950s about the need for nursing knowledge separate from medical knowledge.

Apprenticeship Model

Prior to the 1950s, nursing education relied on principles and traditions passed down through apprenticeships and manuals.

Transition from Vocation to Profession

The historical shift in nursing from a vocational role to a recognized professional discipline, marked by the development of specialized knowledge.

Curriculum Era

The period from 1900 to the 1940s focused on determining the content necessary for nursing education and transitioning from hospital-based training to college and university programs.

Standardized Curriculum

A curriculum adopted by diploma nursing programs in the mid-1930s, emphasizing course selection and content for nursing education.

Research Emphasis Era

A mid-20th century period where nurse leaders recognized the importance of higher education and research in developing new nursing knowledge.

Graduate Era

The simultaneous development of master’s degree programs in nursing, which included research process courses and concept development.

Nurse Researchers

Individuals who aimed to establish a specialized body of nursing knowledge to improve patient care and achieve professional recognition.

Theory Era

An evolution of nursing education emphasizing the importance of theory in nursing practice, stemming from earlier research and graduate education eras.

Doctoral Education

The development of nursing doctoral programs with a strong focus on theory development and testing.

Nursing Metaparadigm

Fawcett's proposal categorizing nursing concepts into four global categories:person, environment, health, and nursing, to organize nursing theories.

Theory Utilization Era

A period where the application of nursing theory in practice, education, and research became a focus, leading to evidence-based professional practice.

Significance of Nursing Theory

The recognition of nursing as both an academic discipline and a profession, highlighting the importance of theory in nursing knowledge.

Discipline

An academic field of study that is taught and researched within higher education.

Profession

An occupation requiring specialized knowledge and practice, grounded in theoretical understanding.

Batey (1977)

Highlighted the need for conceptual frameworks in nursing research and the importance of nursing conceptualization.

Fawcett's Double Helix Metaphor

A classic publication illustrating the interdependent relationship between theory and research in nursing.

Historical Nursing Figures

Notable theorists like Henderson, Nightingale, Orlando, Peplau, and Wiedenbach recognized for their contributions to nursing theory.

Donaldson and Crowley (1978)

Discussed the nature of nursing science and knowledge necessary for the discipline and profession during a significant conference.

Theoretical Structures

_____ are frameworks that guide the understanding and practice of nursing.

Functional Focus

_____ emphasizes what nurses do in their professional roles.

Patient Focus

_____ emphasizes what nurses know about human beings and their health.

Significance for the Profession

Theory is essential for the _____ of nursing as an academic discipline and practice.

Bixler and Bixler (1959)

They published a set of _____ for a profession tailored to nursing.

Criteria for Development of the Professional Status of Nursing

Nursing utilizes a well-defined body of _____ that is on the intellectual level of higher learning.

Scientific Method

Nursing constantly enlarges its body of knowledge and improves its techniques through the use of the _____.

Higher Education

Nursing entrusts the education of its practitioners to institutions of _____.

Practical Services

Nursing applies its body of knowledge in _____ vital to human and social welfare.

Autonomy

Nursing functions _____ in the formulation of professional policy and control of activity.

Intellectual and Personal Qualities

Nursing attracts individuals who recognize their occupation as a _____ work.

Compensation

Nursing strives to provide freedom of action, opportunity for continuous professional growth, and _____ security.