EYES ASSESSMENT

2

a difference of more than— mm bet 2 eyes is abnormal

Exophthalmos

bulging eyes - could be a sign of thyroid gland problems; it can be treated but it needs to be checked quickly as your vision can be affected

graves

exophthalmos is a characteristic of what disease

AA, caucasian, 21 mm

the eyes of — protrude slightly than —, they have protruding eyes beyond

sunken eyeballs/ enopthalmos

“eyebags” sunk in your face. Family history, dehydration and lack of sleep. - Usual to severely dehydrated px”

ectropion, entropion, chalazion, hordeolum/stye, blepharitis, ptosis, Lagophthalmos, eye trauma

8 abnormal findings for the eyelids

ectropion

where the lower eyelids droops away from the eye and turns outward - everted/outwardly turned lower eyelid

entropion

an inward turning of the eyelid margin and appendages such that the pilosebaceous unit and mucocutaneous junction are directed posteriorly towards the cornea and ocular surface.

chalazion

a red bump on your eyelid (upper lid), infected meibomian gland

Hordeolum (stye)

an infection of an oil gland/hair follicle infection at the edge of the eyelid. (lower lid)

blepharitis

common eye condition that makes your eyelids red, swollen, irritated, and itchy. staphylococcal infection of eyelid

ptosis

drooping eyelids

Lagophthalmos

incomplete or abnormal closure of the eyelids

eye trauma

bruises, punctures, and scratches. They can result from accidents, exposure to chemicals, or foreign objects in the eye.

exophthalmos

protruding eyeballs and retracted eyelids

diffuse episcleritis

inflammation of sclera

oculomotor nerve damage, myasthenia gravis, weakened muscle, congenital disorder

ptosis may be attributed to 4

hyperthyroidism

retracted lid margins suggest?

corneal damage

failure of lids to close completely is risk for

xanthelasma

raised lower plaque loc near inner canthus is a normal finding assoc w/ high age and lipid levels

exposure and drying of conjunctiva

ectropion results in 2

conjunctivitis, pinguecula,Subconjunctival Hemorrhage, episcleritis

4 abnormalities in bulbar conjuctiva

Conjunctivitis

pink eye or piskat

pinguecula

common type of conjunctival stromal degeneration in the eye. It appears as an elevated yellow-white plaque in their bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus. NORMAL in older client

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks just underneath the clear surface of your eye (conjunctiva); hypertension (HPN)

episcleritis

common, benign, self-limited cause of red eye, due to inflammation of the episcleral tissue. non infectious inflammation of sclera

pallor

AB for palpepral

pallor

pale palpebral Conjunctivae; signifies anemia, low blood count, low blood pressure

hrt or lung disorder

cyanosis of lower eyelid suggest?

Dacryocystitis

lacrimal apparatus AB

Dacryocystitis

characterized as an inflammatory state of the nasolacrimal sac/ lacrimal apparatus - infection in lacrimal duct due to blockage

infectious/inflammatory condition

redness or swelling around puncta indicate

nasolacrimal sac obstruction

excessive tearing indicate

duct blockage

expressed drainage of puncta occurs w/

arcus senilis

normal variation in cornea and lens

arcus senilis

depositing of phospholipids and cholesterol in peripheral cornea - whitish ring surrounding the limbus or cornea around the iris; normal in aging, young high cholesterol level or lipids, no effect in vision

corneal scar, Pterygium, cataract

3 ab finding for cornea and lens

corneal scar

opacity of the cornea, graying/whitish, due to old injury/inflammation

Pterygium

pinkish triangular tissue growth in cornea treated with scraping - bulbar conjunctiva moves toward the cornea

early pterygium

thickening of papebral c. extend nasal side

cataract

opacity of the lens, blurring of vision

keratitis

inflammation of cornea infectios or non , accomp by redness, pain, decreased vision, discharge, photophobia

corneal ulcer

open sore of cornea

keratoconus

degenerative , cornea cone shape, distorted vision

corneal dystrophies

group of inherited disorders that cause abnormal deposits or growths in the corneal tissue

fuch and lattice

2 ex. of corneal dytrophies

nuclear cataract

appear gray when flashlight, appear black spot against red reflex thr ophthalmoscope

peripheral cataract

gray spokes point inward when flashlight, black spokes inward thru opthalmoscope

ectopia lentis, marfan syndrome, homocystinuria

lens become displaced fm its normal position due to trauma, genetic disorders like —- or —

spherophakia

lens abnormally small and spherical, leading to refractive errors such as myopia or lens dislocation

myopia

nearsightedness

hyperopia

farsightedness

hyphema, hypopyon

2 abnormal for iris

hyphema

pooling/ collection of blood inside anterior chamber of eye (space between cornea and iris) ; trauma

hypopyon

involving inflammatory cells in anterior chamber of eyes - the accumulation of white blood cells that form a whitish layer of fluid in the lower portion of the eye’s anterior chamber (front part); infection of internal eye.

Pupils Equally Round, Reactive to Light Accommodation

PERLA procedure of pupil

miosis, aniscoria, mydriasis

3 AB of pupils

miosis

Small or constricted and fixed pupils; shrinking of pupils - Drug addicts; “pinpoint pupils”

anisocoria

pupil of one eye differs in size from the other - brain lesions.; pupil less than .5 mm 20% of clients

mydriasis

unusual dilation or widening of pupil - when the black center of your eyes are larger than normal (dilated pupils); high on drugs, coffee, or stimulants

irreg shaped iris

causes shallow anterior chamber , increase risk of narrow/close angle glaucoma

impaired parasympathetic nerve, oculomotor nerve paralysis

anisocoria caused by 2

horner’s syndrome

if anisocoria is greater in dim light than bright light, it may be

pupillary rxn to light

test direct pupil rxn by shining a light obliqueqly to one eye

monocular blindness

when light directed to the blind eye results in no response to other pupil

corneal reflex test

this test assesses parallel alignment of eye

deviated alignment of eyes, muscle weakness, paralysis

asymmetric position of light reflex indicates — due to — and —

pseudostrabismus, strabismus/tropia

2 corneal reflex test abnormalities

pseudostrabismus

pupil appear at inner canthus due to epicanthic fold'; normal in children

strabismus/tropia

constant misalignmnet of eye axis, acc to direction towads which eye drifts and cause amblyopia

a. esotropia

b. exotropia

a. eye turn inward

b. eye turns outward

cover test

detects deviation in alignment or strength and slights deviations in eye movement

phoria

term used to describe misalignment that occurs only when fusion reflex is blocked

cardinal gaze test

assesses eye muscle strength and cranial nerve function

tropia, esotropia, exotropia, nystagmus

4 AB in cardinal gaze test

nystagmus

condition in which the eye makes repetitive, uncontrolled movements; inner ear problem

red green color blind/ deutranopia/protanopia

most common, client has difficulty distinguish bet red and green hues

blue yellow color blind/ tritanopia

unable to diff yellow and blue

complete color blindness/achromatopsia

client sees only shades of gray

myopia

a common vision condition in which near objects appear clear, but objects farther away look blurry (nearsighted)

amblyopia

also called lazy eye. A type of poor vision that usually happens in just 1 eye but less common in both eyes; legally blind. The lazy eye cannot see

astigmatism

happens when your cornea (the clear front layer of your eye) or lens (an inner part of your eye that helps the eye focus) has a different shape than normal; irregular cornea

presbyopia

indicated when the client moves the chart away fm the eyes to focus on the print; common in 45 yrs of age

a. 70

b. 50

c. 90

d. 60

normal visual field degrees

a. inferior

b. superior

c. temporal

d. nasal