halacha

אב מלאכה

“father Malacha” straight from the Torah, what was done in the mishkan.

דאורייתא

mitzva from the torah

דרבנן

A mitzva from the rabbis

אסור

not allowed

מותר

allowed

תולדה

sub category of av melacha

Assur D’rabbanan (4)

• Resembles a Melacha

• מראית עין. Forbidden to do something that looks like a Melacha

• Something that can lead to a Melacha

• קדושת היום. Anything that takes away from the holiness of Shabbat

סידורא דפת

process of making bread

במזיד

Intentional

בשוגג

unintentional

בפרהסיא

doing melacha in public

מלאכת מחשבת

Work with an intentional goal

טעמי המצוות

reason behind mitzvos

הלכה למעשה

the halacha we actually do

תדיר ושאינו תדיר תדיר קודם

When you have something usually done and something not usually done, the usual things take priority and come first.

יין קידושׁ נר הבדלה זמן יקנה"ז

The order of kiddush and havdala when motzei Shabbos goes into Yom Tov

בישול vs אפיה

Cooking is wet and baking is dry.

יד סולדת בו

Hot to the touch, would cause a person to withdraw their hand upon contact. 104°F-158°F (we go with the lower temperature to be safe)

מבושל כל צרכו

Something that is completely cooked.

(שכל העושה דבר מצרכי הבישול הרי זה מבשל (רמב”ם

“Any act that you do that's part of the cooking is cooking.” If a pot is on the fire, you can’t stir it. (Anything done to help something cook is forbidden.)

שׁינוי

A change in the process to show your intention isn't to do a Melacha

מגיס

stirring

הוצאה בכף

“Taking out with a spoon.” Yes if fully cooked, if food is warm/raw no bcz there will be less food in the pot and the heat will be more thoroughly distributed.

כיסוי הקדירה

Covering the pot. If the food is partially cooked and warm this is forbidden, because you will be furthering the cooking process by containing the heat.

דבר לח

Something that is wet: If liquid was added to it when it was cooked. (Oil, water, juice, etc.) If you touch the food and then touch something else (like a counter) and make that other thing wet, then the food is considered wet.

דבר יבש

Something that is dry: We go by what’s on the outside. (If something is only wet on the inside, it is still considered dry.) Opposite to Davar lach. If you take challah out of the freezer and it’s wet, first dry it and then you can put it on a blech. Same applies to food from a refrigerator that had condensation on it.

כלי ראשון

First vessel: The vessel which the food was being cooked in. You can never add to/stir a Kli rishon when it’s on the fire.

כלי שני

Second vessel: Can pour out, but not back. Some say a ladle is a kli sheni, others don’t.

כלי שלישי

Third vessel: Makes the food cool down even further. Something can no longer cook in this vessel, so you can add things to it.

עירוי

Pouring (can pour out, but not back). 1, considered hot enough to cook. 2, considered not hot enough to cook. 

על גבי האש

On a direct fire. Can’t put anything on an open fire, and no matter what you can never add anything to something on an open flame. A stove and oven are a direct fire, and so is a crock pot if it doesn’t have lining.

שלא על גבי האש

Not directly on a fire (a blech).

בישול אחר בישול

Cooking after cooking. (Depends on the type of food.*)

יש בישול אחר אפיה

There is cooking after baking.

טופח על מנת להטפיח

“Something that is wet that makes another thing wet.” (דבר לח) 

קלי בישול

“Things that are easily cooked.” Making sure you don’t put things like eggs on an open fire. Not the normal way of cooking. (examples: eggs, salt, etc) Chazal cautions against salt. (Some salt is cooked and some salt is raw.) Things that cook easily get put into a kli shlishi. Extra strict with this. (Salt is put into a kli shlishi, but spices and herbs can go into a kli sheni.)

קשי בישול

Things that take a long time to cook. (Water.) Can technically be put into a kli rishon but sages don’t allow this, they can however go into a kli sheni. (Example: meat has juices that can be cooked easily. Different components of the food) 

כוונה

The intention. You must have the intention to return the pot for Chazara.

מצטמק ורע לוֹ

If you cook it any further you’ll damage the food.

הטמנה

(On a blech or flame.) Covering something on a blech is forbidden. If the fire is turned off before Shabbat then allowed to cover food. Forbidden to cover something on Shabbat, as you will be insulating the heat and furthering the cooking process. You’re allowed before, but can’t have it on Shabbat.

יש בישול אחר בישול בדבר לח

There is cooking after something is cooked with wet.

אין בישול אחר בישול בדבר יבש

There isn't cooking after cooking with something that is dry. Permitted. (Different to something baked - אפיה)

לכתחילה

in the first place

בּדיעבד

after the fact

בּאונס

To be forced into a situation where you need to break Shabbat

sources behind Issur Melacha on Shabbos

The Aseres Hadibros in Parshas Yisro and Parshat Va'etchanan. Hashem didn't work on the 7th day so we don't either. We couldn't work on the mishkan on Shabbat

From where do we derive the 39 Melachos?

melacha is written 39 times. There were 39 melachos done in the mishkan

On which Yomim Tovim do we say Hallel?

first two days of Pesach, Sukkot (including Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah), Shavuot, Chanukah. Half Hallel is said on Rosh Chodesh, Chol hamoed Pesach, and the last two days of Pesach. 

חורש

Plowing

זורע

planting

נטיעה

planting

 זמירה

Cutting/ pruning the dead areas of a plant to maintain growth.

הרכבה

Grafting: wrapping a plant around another plant so that it can gain nutrients.

הברכה

Layering: Covering a plant to protect it and promote growth.

קוצר/קצירה

Harvesting

מעמר/עמור

gathering

דש/דישה

Threshing

זורה

Winnowing

בורר

Separating (in depth)

טוחן

Grinding

מרקד

Sifting

לש

Kneading

בישול/אפיה

Baking/Cooking