Nervous System Organization: CNS, PNS, Neurons, and Reflexes
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29 Terms
Central Nervous System (CNS)
To integrate information.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
To send information.
Components of the CNS
Brain and spinal cord.
Components of the PNS
31 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 pairs of cranial nerves, plexuses, and ganglia.
Systems that make up the PNS
Somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Neurons
Excitable cells that transmit electrical impulses.
Neuroglial Cells
Supportive cells that protect, nourish, and insulate neurons.
Function of the neuron's soma (cell body)
Contains the nucleus and maintains cell metabolism.
Function of dendrites
Receive signals from other neurons.
Function of the axon
Sends nerve impulses to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Synapse
The junction where a neuron communicates with another cell.
Myelin
A fatty sheath that insulates axons and increases conduction speed.
Cells that produce myelin in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes.
Cells that produce myelin in the PNS
Schwann cells.
Functional classes of neurons
Sensory (afferent), interneurons, and motor (efferent).
Role of sensory (afferent) neurons
Carry information to the CNS.
Role of interneurons
Connect sensory and motor neurons in the CNS.
Role of motor (efferent) neurons
Carry commands from the CNS to effectors.
Somatic nervous system
Voluntary control of skeletal muscles.
Autonomic nervous system
Involuntary control of smooth/cardiac muscle and glands.
Divisions of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Sympathetic division
"Fight or flight" response.
Parasympathetic division
"Rest and digest" response.
Reflex arc
A direct neural pathway for an automatic reflex.
Parts of a reflex arc
Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector.
Gray matter
Neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers.
White matter
Myelinated axons connecting CNS regions.
Ganglia
Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.
Nuclei (in the CNS)
Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the brain/spinal cord.
Note 
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