Cardiopulmonary and Endocrine Responses and Adaptations to Exercise

Flashcards for review of Cardiopulmonary and Endocrine Responses and Adaptations to Exercise lecture notes.

The system and the system work together to bring oxygen into the body and deliver it to active tissues.

The respiratory system and the cardiovascular system

The muscular walls of the heart are called __.

Myocardium

Adjacent myocytes are structurally and functionally connected to each other through specialized membrane structures called __.

Intercalated discs

The amount of blood pumped from the heart with each beat is the __.

Stroke Volume

__ is the product of HR × SV and represents the amount of blood pumped each minute.

Cardiac Output

The alternating periods of relaxation is also known as __.

Diastole

The alternating periods of contraction is also known as __.

Systole

__ initiates electrical impulses in the heart.

Sinoatrial (SA) node

__ brings electrical signals to cardiac muscle cells throughout the ventricles.

Purkinje fibers

In a healthy person, the SA node is normally influenced by (which increase HR) and (which decrease HR).

Sympathetic nerve fibers; parasympathetic fibers

The __ reflects depolarization (electrical signal) of the atria and leads to contraction of the atria on an ECG.

P wave

The __ reflects depolarization of the ventricles and leads to contraction of the ventricles on an ECG.

QRS complex

The __ reflects repolarization of the ventricles and leads to relaxation of the ventricles on an ECG.

T wave

__ are large vessels that carry blood away from the heart to distal parts of the body.

Arteries

__ are smaller vessels that distribute the blood to various organs.

Arterioles

__ have the smallest diameter and are the most abundant vessels.

Capillaries

__ represents the mean driving force of blood through the vascular system.

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

The lower respiratory system consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, lungs, and tiny air sacs, or __ , within the lungs.

Alveoli

__ occurs at the level of the pulmonary capillaries, where oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli.

External Respiration

__ occurs at the level of the systemic capillaries, where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and into the cells (i.e., muscles) of the body and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells and into the blood.

Internal Respiration

The highest amount of oxygen that can be taken in, transported, and used during heavy muscular work is called __.

Maximal oxygen consumption

When stimulated, the sympathetic nerve causes the adrenal gland to release __.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Aerobic endurance training results in improvements in __, whereas resistance training has minimal impact on aerobic endurance.

O2max