Cells & Genetics Unit 4 Study Guide 2

What is the study of the inheritance of genes that results in certain traits? (Lesson 8 Vocabulary)

Genetics

What is a structure that is made up of the cell's DNA wrapped around proteins? (Lesson 8 Vocabulary)

Chromosome

What is a gene whose instructions have been followed by the cell to make a product which is usually a protein? (Lesson 8 Vocabulary)

Expressed gene

What is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a product usually a protein? (Lesson 8 Vocabulary)

Gene

What is a specific version of a gene? (Lesson 8 Vocabulary)

Allele

What is the process by which one organism produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent and each other? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Asexual reproduction

What is the allele combination for a given trait? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Genotype

What is a type of genotype that has two different alleles? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Heterozygous

What is the physical appearance of an organism or the visible trait? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Phenotype

What is the chance that a specific outcome will occur each time an even happens? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Probability

What type of allele is expressed even when only one copy is present? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Dominant allele

What type of genotype has two identical alleles? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Homozygous

What is an allele that is expressed only when two copies are present? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Recessive allele

What is the different combinations of alleles of genes found in a species? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Genetic variation

What is an event that happens in which the outcome cannot be predicted before it occurs? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Random

What is a diagram that shows the potential allele combinations an offspring could inherit from its parents? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Punnett square

What is the process by which female and male sex cells from two parent organisms combine genetic information to produce offspring? (Lesson 9 Vocabulary)

Sexual reproduction

What are the factors that are held constant throughout an experiment? (Lesson 10 Vocabulary)

Controlled variables

What is a disease or condition that is caused by particular alleles of one or more genes? (Lesson 10 Vocabulary)

Genetic disorder

What is the factor that changes and is measured or observed during an experiment? (Lesson 10 Vocabulary)

Dependent variable

What is the factor that is being changed by the scientist doing the experiment? (Lesson 10 Vocabulary)

Independent variable

An organism inherits its genes from the organism's... (Lesson 8 Game #12)

Biological parents.

How many strands of DNA are there in the nucleus of most human cells? (Lesson 8 Game #14)

46

How many pairs of chromosomes are in the human cell? (Lesson 8 Game #18)

23

What does the 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans determine? (Lesson 8 Game #21)

A person's sex

How many chromosomes are in a human sex cell? (Lesson 9 Game #7)

23 chromosomes

Which of these accurately describes the term nature versus nurture? (Lesson 10 Game #1)

Nature is determined by genes, while nurture is determined by the environment.

What is the strongest determinant of a person's traits? (Lesson 10 Game #2)

Most traits are determined by both genes and the environment.

What are genes made from? (Lesson 8 Key Science Concept)

Sections or segments of DNA

How does the DNA in a parent bacterial cell compare to the DNA in an offspring? (Lesson 9 Summary)

Exactly the same

How many chromosomes are in a human sperm cell? (Lesson 9 Summary)

23

How many chromosomes are in a human body cell? (Lesson 9 Summary)

46

What is the dominant allele for height in pea plants? (Lesson 9 Key Science Concept)

Tall

What is the recessive allele for height in pea plants? (Lesson 9 Key Science Concept)

Short