Cytoskeleton and Cell Communication

These flashcards cover key concepts of the cytoskeleton, cell communication, and membrane structure and function.

What are the proteins that shape the cell membrane and hold it up called?

Cytoskeleton.

What is the key function of actin in cells?

A protein that is part of the cytoskeleton and is involved in shaping the cell and facilitating movement.

What type of intercellular junction allows plants to communicate despite having a cell wall?

Plasma desmata.

What is a tight junction, and how does it function?

A watertight seal that connects two cells together to prevent fluid from leaking between them.

What analogy is used to describe the function of desmosomes?

Desmosomes act like staples holding cells together, allowing some flexibility.

What is the purpose of gap junctions in cells?

To allow communication and transfer of materials between adjacent cells.

What does the plasma membrane do?

The plasma membrane creates a barrier separating the inside of the cell from the external environment and allows selective transport of substances.

What is a phospholipid bilayer, and what property does it exhibit?

A phospholipid bilayer is made up of phosphate heads that are hydrophilic and fatty acid tails that are hydrophobic, creating a selective permeability barrier.

What defines the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Describes the plasma membrane as a flexible structure with a variety of proteins embedded in or attached to the phospholipid bilayer.

What distinguishes integral proteins from peripheral proteins?

Integral proteins span the entire membrane, while peripheral proteins are located on one side or the surface.

How does the structure of amino acids relate to their function in proteins in the membrane?

Hydrophobic amino acids are typically found in the membrane, while hydrophilic amino acids are found on the surfaces or in the channels of proteins that allow transport.

What is the role of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?

Carbohydrates play a key role in cell recognition and signaling, acting as markers for self-identity.

Why is it important that blood transfusions match blood types?

Matching blood types is crucial to prevent the immune system from attacking foreign cells, which can be triggered by mismatched surface carbohydrates.