Renal, Female, Male, and Breast Pathology Review

These flashcards cover essential concepts in renal, female, male, and breast pathology, aiding in exam preparation.

What is the most common cause of Acute Pyelonephritis?

Ascending infections from the lower urinary tract.

What type of bacteria is typically involved in Acute Pyelonephritis?

Gram-negative organisms.

What characterizes Chronic Pyelonephritis microscopically?

Uneven scarring of the cortical and medullary areas.

What potential complication can arise from Chronic Pyelonephritis?

Hypertension.

What is the major mechanism underlying Glomerulonephritis?

Deposition of immune complexes in the glomerulus.

What distinguishes Nephritic Syndrome from Nephrotic Syndrome?

They have different presentations and distinguishing features.

What common extrarenal finding is associated with adult Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Berry aneurysms at the base of the brain.

What is the most common composition of Kidney Stones?

Calcium oxalate.

What is the characteristic metastatic pattern of Renal Cell Carcinoma?

Hematogenous spread.

Which type of cancer is associated with DES exposure?

Adenocarcinoma of the cervix.

What is the most common location for Endometriosis?

Ovary and pelvic structures.

What is a chocolate cyst?

A characteristic presentation when endometriosis affects the ovary.

What condition is most commonly associated with excess estrogen and can be a precursor to carcinoma?

Endometrial Hyperplasia.

What type of muscle tumor is the most common benign female tumor?

Leiomyomas (Fibroids).

What is the most common type of Testicular Cancer?

Seminomas.

What are the typical metastatic sites for Prostate Cancer?

Bones, particularly the axial skeleton.

What does an elevated PSA indicate?

It can be elevated in multiple prostate pathologies, not specific for cancer.

What is the risk factor for Tubal Pregnancy?

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.

What term describes the appearance of dimpled skin in Inflammatory Breast Cancer?

Peau d’orange.