Federalism: The Division of Power

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to federalism and the division of powers in the American government system.

Federalism

A system of government in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments (States).

Supremacy Clause

A clause in the Constitution stating that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties are the supreme law of the land.

Constitution

The fundamental law that outlines the structure of government and its powers, including the division of powers between the National Government and the States.

Delegated Powers

Powers that are specifically granted to the National Government by the Constitution.

Reserved Powers

Powers that are not delegated to the National Government and thus are reserved for the States.

Concurrent Powers

Powers that are shared by both the National Government and the States.

Expressed Powers

Powers specifically listed in the Constitution as belonging to the National Government.

Implied Powers

Powers not expressly stated in the Constitution but suggested through the expressed powers, often arising from the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Inherent Powers

Powers that are not outlined in the Constitution but are essential for the government to function, such as regulating immigration.

Extradition

The legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to that State upon request from its governor.

Privileges and Immunities Clause

A clause in the Constitution that prevents States from discriminating against citizens from other States.

Interstate Compacts

Agreements between two or more states, often requiring the consent of Congress, to address shared issues.

Cooperative Federalism

A model of federalism in which the National Government and the States work together to solve problems.

Grants-in-Aid

Federal funds provided to States and localities for specific projects or programs.

Block Grants

Federal funds that are allocated to States for broad purposes with fewer restrictions.

Categorical Grants

Federal funds provided for specific projects with strict guidelines on how the money should be spent.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

The constitutional provision requiring each State to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State.

Tenth Amendment

Part of the Bill of Rights that asserts that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the States or the people.