Properties of Solutions

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the properties of solutions as studied in the lecture. They include definitions, principles, and processes relevant to solutions, solubility, colligative properties, and osmosis.

What is the definition of a solution?

A homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances.

What makes up the solute and the solvent in a solution?

The solute is the substance that is dispersed uniformly, while the solvent is the substance in which the solute is dispersed.

What is solubility?

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

What type of solution contains the maximum dissolved solute?

Saturated solution.

What is a supersaturated solution?

A solution that contains more solute than is normally possible at that temperature and is unstable.

Define Henry's Law.

The solubility of a gas is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution.

What do colligative properties depend on?

The quantity (number) of solute particles, not their identity.

What is vapor-pressure lowering?

The vapor pressure of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent due to solute-solvent intermolecular attraction.

What is the Boiling-Point Elevation in a solution?

Solutions require a higher temperature to reach atmospheric pressure, thus raising the boiling point.

What is osmosis?

The net movement of solvent molecules from a solution of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

What are isotonic solutions?

Solutions with the same osmotic pressure, where the solvent passes through the membrane at equal rates.

What is the Tyndall Effect?

The phenomenon where colloidal suspensions scatter light rays, while solutions do not.

What does the term 'like dissolves like' refer to?

The principle guiding solubility that states polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.

What happens to red blood cells in hypertonic solutions?

They undergo crenation, or shriveling, as water leaves the cells.

What happens to red blood cells in hypotonic solutions?

They undergo hemolysis, or bursting, as water enters the cells.