The Salivary Glands and Accessory Glands of the Oral Cavity

Parotid - Submandibular - Sublingual

What are the 3 salivary glands of the oral cavity?

14-28 g

What is the weight of the parotid gland?

Yellowish

What color is the parotid gland in the fresh state?

Ramus of the Mandible

The anterior surface of the parotid gland lies against the posterior border of the?

External Auditory Meatus - SCM

The posterior surface of the parotid gland is on the (2)?

Superficial

Which surface of the parotid gland is lobulated, covered by skin, fascia, lymph nodes, and facial branches of the great auricular nerve?

Deep

Which surface of the parotid gland is on the styloid process and its muscles as well as under the mastoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles?

Fibrous Capsule

The parotid gland is wrapped in a _______ _______, which is continuous with the deep investing fascia of the neck.

Stylomandibular Ligament

Is an anterior thickening of the capsule, which runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible.

Capsule of the Parotid Gland

It separates the parotid gland from the infratemporal fossa anteriorly and separates the parotid gland from the submandibular gland inferiorly and anteriorly.

Stensen’s Duct

The parotid duct is also called?

Parotid Duct

From the rostral border of the gland, crosses the masseter muscle, turns inward to pierce the fat pad of the cheek and then the buccinator muscle, to open into the mouth opposite the second maxillary border. Approximately 5 cm long.

Submandibular Gland

Elongated salivary gland.

Parotid Gland

What is the largest salivary gland?

Submandibular Gland

Composed of mylohyoid muscle (in the middle), deep part (above mylohyoid), and superficial part (below mylohyoid).

Submandibular Fossa

The submandibular gland rests on?

Submandibular Gland

It is a mixed serous and mucous secreting gland (mostly serous).

Submandibular Gland

Gland that is found partly in the submandibular fossa below the mylohyoid muscle and partly in the floor of the mouth.

Wharton’s Duct

The submandibular duct is also called?

Submandibular Duct

Arises from the medial surface of the gland and accompanies it under the mylohyoid muscle; it passes diagonally across the medial aspect of the sublingual gland and adheres to it.

Sublingual Caruncle

The submandibular duct opens at the sublingual papillae (__________ ________) besides the base of the lingual frenulum.

Lingual Nerve

The _______ _____ loops under the submandibular duct, crossing the lateral side and then the medial side of the duct, as the nerve descends anteromedially through the floor of the oral cavity and then ascends into the tongue.

Sublingual Gland

Smallest gland. Looks like an almond nut.

Sublingual Gland

Gland that rests upon the mylohyoid muscle in the sublingual fossa close to the symphysis.

Sublingual Gland

It is  a mixed secretion gland but is primarily a mucous secreting gland.

Sublingual Fossa

Each sublingual gland lies directly against the medial surface of the mandible where it forms a shallow groove (__________ _____) superior to the anterior ⅓ of the mylohyoid line.

Sublingual Fold

The superior margin of the sublingual gland raises an elongate fold of mucosa (__________ ____), which extends from the posterolateral aspect of the floor of the oral cavity to the sublingual papilla beside the base of the frenulum of the tongue at the midline anteriorly.

Rivini’s Duct

Sublingual duct that opens separately at the floor of the mouth.

Bartholin’s Duct

A greater sublingual duct that opens on the sublingual caruncle together with the Wharton's duct.

Accessory Glands

These are similar in structure to larger salivary glands and are mainly mucous.

External Carotid Artery

Vessels that supply the parotid gland originate from the ________ _______ ______ and from its branches that are adjacent to the gland.

Facial - Lingual

The submandibular and sublingual glands are supplied by branches of the ______ and _______ arteries.

External Jugular Vein

Veins from the parotid gland drain into the?

Lingual and Facial Veins

Veins from the submandibular and sublingual glands drain into the (2)?

Superficial and Deep Cervical Nodes

Lymphatic vessels from the parotid gland drain into nodes that are on or in the gland. These parotid nodes then drain into (2)?

Submandibular Nodes - Deep Cervical Nodes

Lymphatics from the submandibular and sublingual glands drain mainly into _____________ _____ and then into ____ ________ _____, particularly the juguloomohyoid node.

Juguloomohyoid Node

Lymphatics from the submandibular and sublingual glands drain mainly into submandibular nodes and then into deep cervical nodes, particularly the ______________ ____.

Parasympathetic - Greater Petrosal Nerve - Chorda Tympani

What are the 3 nerve innervation of the salivary glands?

Facial - Maxillary - Mandibular

Parasympathetic innervation to all salivary gland in the oral cavity is by branches of the _____ nerve, which join branches of the _________, and __________nerves to reach their target destinations.

Glossopharyngeal - Mandibular

The parotid gland receives its parasympathetic innervation from fibers that initially travelled in the ________________ nerve, which eventually joins a branch of the __________ nerve in the infratemporal fossa.

Greater Petrosal

All salivary glands above the level of the oral fissure, as well as all mucus glands in the nose and the lacrimal gland in the orbit, are innervated by parasympathetic fibers carried in the _______ ________ branch of the facial nerve

Maxillary

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in greater petrosal nerve enter the pterygopalatine fossa and synapse with postganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the pterygopalatine ganglion formed around branches of the __________ nerve.

Maxillary

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers join general sensory branches of the _________ nerve, such as the palatine nerves, destined for the roof of the oral cavity, to reach their target glands.

Chorda Tympani

All glands below the level of the oral fissure are innervated by parasympathetic fibers carried in the ______ _______ branch of the facial nerve.

Chorda Tympani

Joins the lingual nerve of the mandibular nerve [V3] in the infratemporal fossa and passes with it into the oral cavity.

Mumps

A viral inflammation in the parotid gland (_____) causes it to swell, resulting in pain on movement of the jaw.

Abscesses

_________ or cysts of the gland may result in pressure to the facial nerve.

Calculi

Stones or _______ in the duct can block it, causing painful swelling of the gland.

Parotitis/Mumps

Parotid gland swelling. Can be caused by viral infection, bacterial infection, stones that block ducts, and dental problems.

Sialolithiasis of Parotid Gland

A condition in which the stones may form in salivary glands or ducts, blocking saliva flow.

Sialolithiasis of Submandibular Gland

Stones in Wharton's duct.

Sialolithiasis of Sublingual Gland

Stones in Bartholin’s duct.