1.7 Nomenclature (Rose)

If the compound is Molecular (covalent), how do you determine it?

nonmetal + nonmetal

If the compound is Ionic, how do you determine it?

metal + nonmetal or metal + polyatomic ion

If the compound is Organic, how do you determine it?

Carbon + Hydrogen (sometimes O, N)

If the compound is an Acid, how do you determine it?

Starts with H in the formula

molecular prefix for 1

mono

molecular prefix for 2

di

molecular prefix for 3

tri

molecular prefix for 4

tetra

molecular prefix for 5

penta

molecular prefix for 6

hexa

molecular prefix for 7

hepta

molecular prefix for 8

octa

molecular prefix for 9

nona

molecular prefix for 10

deca

Ionic Compound rules:

1. Metal first, nonmetal second (-ide)

2. Use Roman numerals for transition metals

3. Keep charge neutral

Metal name + (Roman numeral if needed) + nonmetal “ide”

Name NaCl:

sodium chloride

Ionic Compound rules:

1. Metal first, nonmetal second (-ide)

2. Use Roman numerals for transition metals

3. Keep charge neutral

Metal name + (Roman numeral if needed) + nonmetal “ide”

Name Fe₂O₃:

iron (III) oxide

What is NO₃-

nitrate

What is NO₂-

nitrite

What is SO_4²-

sulfate

What is SO_3²-

sulfite

What is ClO₃-

chlorate

What is ClO₂-

chlorite

What is CO₃^2-

carbonate

What is PO₄^3-

phosphate

What is OH^-

hydroxide

What is NH_4⁺

ammonium

What is MnO_4^-

permanganate

What is Cr₂O₇^2-

dichromate

Organic Compounds (Alkanes)

Prefix + “ane”

Alkane prefix for 1

meth

Organic Compounds (Alkanes)

Prefix + “ane”

Alkane prefix for 2

eth

Organic Compounds (Alkanes)

Prefix + “ane”

Alkane prefix for 3

prop

Organic Compounds (Alkanes)

Prefix + “ane”

Alkane prefix for 4

but

Organic Compounds (Alkanes)

Prefix + “ane”

Alkane prefix for 5

pent

Organic Compounds (Alkanes)

Prefix + “ane”

Alkane prefix for 6

hex

Organic Compounds (Alkanes)

Prefix + “ane”

Alkane prefix for 7

hept

Organic Compounds (Alkanes)

Prefix + “ane”

Alkane prefix for 8

oct

Organic Compounds (Alkanes)

Prefix + “ane”

Alkane prefix for 9

non

Organic Compounds (Alkanes)

Prefix + “ane”

Alkane prefix for 10

dec

Acids: If NO oxygen use:

hydro + root + ic acid

Acids: If oxygen is PRESENT:

Look at anion ending: -ate (-ic acid) or -ite (-ous acid)

Bases contain what?

OH^- or are metal hydroxides

Lewis Structures:

1. Write formula

2. Count valence electrons

3. Draw connections

4. Outer atoms get octets

5. Put remaining e⁻ on central atom6

6. Double/triple bonds if needed

remember this guide

• NO₃⁻ → nitrate what is this?

nitric acid

• NO₂⁻ → nitrite, what is this?

nitrous acid

What are the Strong Acids? (compounds)

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO3, HClO4, H2SO4

What are the Strong Bases?

Group 1 + OH

Heavy group 2 + OH (Ca, Sr, Ba)