Mitosis, Meiosis, and Genetics

What is mitosis?

Cell division that results in two daughter cells having the same number and kind of chromosomes

What is meiosis?

Cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

How many phases does mitosis have?

4; prophase → metaphase → anaphase → telophase →

How many phases does meiosis have?

8; prophase 1 and 2, metaphase 1 and 2, anaphase 1 and 2, telophase 1 and 2

What is the process of mitosis?

Interphase → prophase → metaphase → anaphase → telophase → cytokinesis (two daughter cells)

What happens during the mitosis phase prophase?

Chromosomes become visible as the condense and thicken

What happens during the mitosis phase metaphase?

Chromosomes align in the middle of the cells center forming a single row

What happens during the mitosis phase anaphase?

Chromatids are separated and drawn to the opposite ends of the cell by spindle fibers

What happens during the mitosis phase telophase?

Chromosomes reach the opposite sides of the cell forming new nuclear envelopes around the chromosomes

What happens during the mitosis phase cytokinesis?

Splits the cytoplasm of the cell into two identical diploid cells

What is heredity?

The passing of a physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

• height, eye color, hair color, risk of diseases

What is DNA composed of?

Phosphate, Deoxyribose, and Nitrogenous base

What are the four types of bases in DNA?

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

What does Adenine pair with?

Thymine

What does Cytosine pair with?

Guanine

What are genes?

Unit of heredity that’s transferred from parent to offspring

What is gene regulation?

Genes can be activated and deactivated through various mechanisms to control how genes are expressed

How many chromosomes do humans have?

46 (23 from each parent)

What are the four bonds of RNA?

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

What does Adenine bond to for RNA?

Uracil

What does Cytosine bond to for RNA

Guanine

What is RNA?

Acts as messenger from DNA for controlling synthesis of proteins (different kind of sugar- ribose)

What are the three types of RNA?

mRNA (carries genetic into), rRNA (location for protein synthesis), tRNA (decodes mRNA into protein)

Protein synthesis unfolds in what two phases?

1. Transcription

2. Translation

What is transcription?

Makes RNA copy of a genes DNA sequence

What is translation?

Translates the sequence of mRNA to amino acids during protein synthesis

What connects complementary RNA bases to DNA?

RNA polymerase

What are codons?

Groups of three nucleotides on messenger RNA