smoking + CHD causes/issues

how does smoking reduce the SA for gas exchange

it damages the walls inside the alveoli

what can smoking reducing the SA for gas exchange lead to

diseases like emphysema

what does the tar in cigarettes damage

the cilia (little hairs) in your lungs and trachea

what are the little hairs in lungs and trachea supposed to do along with mucus

- catch lots of dust + bacteria before they reach lungs

- keep trachea clear by sweeping mucus back toward mouth

what is more likely when these cilia are damaged

chest infections

what does the tar irritate

bronchi and bronchioles

what does the irritation of the bronchi and bronchioles encourage

mucus to be produced which can't be cleared very well by the damaged cilia

what can mucus being produced but not being cleared very well lead to (2)

- smoker's cough

- chronic bronchitis

what does the CO in cigarette smoke reduce

the amount of oxygen the blood can carry

what can a reduction in the amount of oxygen the blood can carry lead to

- HR increasing to make up for this, causing an increase in blood pressure

how can high blood pressure increase the risk of CHD

- damages artery walls

- making the formation of blood clots more likely

how can smoking lead to cancer

- tobacco smoke contains carcinogens

(chemicals that cause cancer)

cilia diagram

ADD DIAGRAM

what is CHD

- when the coronary arteries

- that supply the blood to the muscle of the heart

- get blocked by layers of fatty material building up

what can CHD/ layers of fatty material building up cause

arteries to become narrow

how can CHD lead to a heart attack

- layers of fatty material building up means arteries are narrower

- blood flow is restricted

- there is lack of oxygen to heart muscle

what is a risk factor

- things that are linked to an increase in the likelihood

- that a person will develop a certain disease during their lifetime

what are 3 risk factors for CHD

- diet high in saturated fat

- smoking

- being inactive

how can a diet high in saturated fat lead to CHD

- can cause fatty deposits forming inside arteries

- which can lead to CHD

how can smoking lead to CHD (not the chemicals way)

it increases blood pressure which can cause damage to inside of coronary arteries

how can smoking lead to CHD (not the blood pressure way)

- chemicals in cigarette smoke can also cause damage to lining of coronary arteries

- makes it more likely that fatty deposits will form

- narrowing coronary arteries

how can being inactive lead to CHD

- can lead to high blood pressure

- which can damage inside of arteries

- more likely fatty deposits will form