HG exam review

Reciprocal

When the numerator and denominator of a fraction are switched. Example: a/b and b/a.

Opposite Reciprocals

When the numerator and denominator of a fraction are switched AND one fraction is positive and the other is negative. Example: a/b and -b/a.

Radical

"The symbol that is used to say we are finding the ""root of a given number""."

Perfect Squares

"Numbers whose square roots are whole numbers. Example: 1

Exact Answer

The solution to an equation that has not been rounded.

Simplest Radical Form

An expression that is an exact value where all perfect square factors of the number under the radical sign have been removed and evaluated.

Approximate Answers

Finding the decimal equivalent of the answer and rounding it to a specific decimal place. Uses the symbol (≈).

Point

A specific location. Represented with a dot in drawings.

Line

An unlimited collection of points that extend in opposite directions.

Plane

A flat surface that extends forever in two directions.

Coplanar

Any objects that lie in the same plane.

Collinear Points

Three or more points that lie on the same line.

Segment

A part of a line between any two endpoints.

Ray

A part of a line from one endpoint and extending forever in one direction.

Parallel

Two or more coplanar lines or parts of lines that never intersect.

Congruent

Objects that are the exact same size and shape.

Midpoint

A point on a segment that divides the segment into two congruent halves.

Angle

"The shape formed when two lines

Degree of an Angle

Measure of an angle's rotation.

Vertex of an Angle

"The common endpoint shared by the two lines

Acute Angle

Any angle whose measure is greater than 0 degrees but less than 90 degrees.

Obtuse Angle

Any angle whose measure is greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees.

Right Angle

Any angle whose measure is exactly 90 degrees.

Straight Angle

Any angle whose measure is exactly 180 degrees.

Adjacent Angles

Two angles that share a common vertex and ray/segment between them.

Complementary Angles

Two angles whose sum is exactly 90 degrees.

Supplementary Angles

Two angles whose sum is exactly 180 degrees.

Vertical Angles

Two angles formed directly opposite each other when two lines intersect.

Linear Pair of Angles

Angles that are adjacent and supplementary.

Endpoint of a Segment

A single point that represents the beginning/end of a segment.

Justify

To provide evidence or data to support a specific answer or conclusion.

Corresponding Angles

Angles on the same side of a transversal and on the same side of the lines the transversal passes through.

Same Side Interior Angles

Angles on the same side of a transversal and in-between the lines the transversal passes through.

Alternate Interior Angles

Angles on opposite sides of a transversal and in-between the lines the transversal passes through.

Slope of a Line

The ratio (Rise/Run) of vertical distance to horizontal distance between any two points on a line.

Undefined Slope

The slope of all vertical lines (where Run = 0).

x-intercept

"The specific ordered pair where a line passes through the x-axis: (x

y-intercept

"The specific ordered pair where a line passes through the y-axis: (0

Linear Equation

Any equation whose solutions form a line when graphed together.

Standard Form

Ax + By = C.

Slope-Intercept Form

"y = mx + b

Point-Slope Form

y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)

Equation of a Horizontal Line

y = a number (the constant y-coordinate).

Equation of a Vertical Line

x = a number (the constant x-coordinate).

Triangle

A closed figure with exactly three sides formed by segments meeting at endpoints.

Scalene Triangle

A triangle with no congruent sides.

Isosceles Triangle

A triangle with at least two congruent sides.

Equilateral Triangle

A triangle with three congruent sides.

Acute Triangle

A triangle whose interior angles are all acute.

Obtuse Triangle

A triangle with one obtuse interior angle.

Right Triangle

A triangle with one right angle.

Equiangular Triangle

A triangle with 3 congruent angles (all 60 degrees).

Hypotenuse

The side opposite the 90-degree angle; the longest side of a right triangle.

Legs of a Right Triangle

The two sides that are perpendicular in a right triangle.

Legs of an Isosceles Triangle

The two congruent sides in an isosceles triangle.

Base of an Isosceles Triangle

The side that is not congruent in an isosceles triangle.

Vertex Angle

The angle between the two congruent sides of an isosceles triangle.

Base Angles

The two angles directly opposite the congruent sides in an isosceles triangle.

Altitude of a Triangle

A segment from a vertex perpendicular to the opposite side.

Median of a Triangle

A segment from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side.

Linear Measurement

"The straight-line distance between two objects (inches

Order of Operations

"GEMDAS: Grouping

Segment Bisector

A line/part of a line that intersects a segment at its midpoint.

Congruent Segments

Line segments that have the same length.

Congruent Angles

Angles that have the same degree measure.

Vertex of a Triangle

Each of the 3 points where the sides of a triangle meet.

Exterior Angle

An angle on the outside of a triangle formed by a side and an extension of the adjacent side.