03 Concentration of Solutions

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, typically consisting of a solute dissolved in a solvent.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution, typically present in a lesser quantity than the solvent.

Solvent

The substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution, usually present in a greater quantity.

Aqueous

Water is the solvent.

Non-Aqueous

Referring to a solution where the solvent is not water, often using organic solvents instead.

Unsaturated

A solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved.

Saturated

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved.

Supersaturated

A solution in which the solute present is in an excess amount and is dissolved forcefully in the solvent by raising the temperature.

Concentrated

This solution has a relatively large amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

Dilute

This solution has a relatively small amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

Isotonic

The two solutions (in the cell and in the beaker) have the same concentration of solute in it.

Hypertonic

The solution in the beaker has a higher concentration of solute compared to the solution in the cell. This causes the water from the cell to come out into the solution in the beaker which results to shrinking of the cell.

Hypotonic

The solution in the beaker has a lower concentration of solute compared to the solution in the cell. This causes the water from the beaker solution to move into the cell which makes the cell to swell up or burst.

Stoichiometry

Deals with the quantitative relationships of reactant and products using the law of conservation of mass.

Balanced Equations

Essential for calculating how much product forms or how much reactant is needed.