phycology

terms for chap 1 and 2 test

psychology

the study of the mind and behavior

critical thinking involves what?

skepticism, recognizing internal bias, logical thinking, asking appropriate questions, and making observations

what are the 4 main goals of psychology?

describe -to establish norms

predict- to be able to anticipate

understand- why is this happening

modify/influence- to promote optimal development

facts

objective and verifiable observation

opinions

personal judgments

what are the 5 steps to scientific method?

theory, hypothesis, research/observation, interoperating experimental findings, reporting research

theory

attempt to explain something with evidence base

hypothesis

testable prediction , educated guess, purpose for what your doing

methodology

research and observation- what’s the best way for doing this?

descriptive methods

gathers information, does not establish causality

which study is done in rare situations?

case study

what’s a clinical case study?

observational research done on one or few people

what is naturalistic observation

observation of behavior in natural setting, ex. watching kids on a playground

whats a survey?

list of questions to be answered by participants

2 forms of survey

question and interview

whats a sample?

part of a population

population

overall group of people

psychological test

test done to evaluate someone psychologically

what’s the least common test and why?

psychological test- not many know how to read them

what does research give us

evidence

what are the two types of research

descriptive and experiments

whats the difference between descriptive and experimental research?

descriptive gathers information, but does;nt explain why somthing is happening

experiments tell us why something is happening

whats the order something happens in scientific method?

theory/review literature→hypothesis/purpose→method- how they gather info→claim→report results

how do you create a good test?

standardized, norms, valid, reliable

standardized

uniform persuaders exist for scoring tests ex, regents

norm

establishes standard of performance - avg score of an iq test

reliable

consistency and reproducibility of given result

valid

is measures what’s designed to be measured ex. math test measures math skills

correlational research

relationship between 2/ more variables

correlation

relationship between 2 or more variables - how well is studyed vs. how i do on the test

variables

the things that can be measured/ described by a numeric scale - how do you feel on a scale of 1-10

positive correlation

relationship between 2 variables changing in the same direction - going upward

negative correlation

two variables changing is the opposite direction as positive correlation- going downward

coefficient of correlation

numfrom -1 to 1 shows strength and direction of relation between variables - usually represented by r

caution about correlations

correlation does’’t mean causation - ex. kids who play video games become more violent →evidence will only show that

experimental method

establishing causality

what’s the only way to establish causality

experimental method