Bamberg

How many dead between 1623-32

900-600

What are catholic-ruled regions of the Roman Holy Empire called, and what are their leaders called?

Prince-Bishoprics, ruled by Prince-Bishops

Is the Catholic religion solely to blame for the witch hunts?

No:

• Catholic spain’s inquisition had less witch hunt numers

• lutheran Sweden had far more numbers

• So did anti-catholic Scotland

What was the Counter-reformation

aimed to bring back territory and followers to the catholic religion.

What order was established during the counter-reformation

The jesuit order

Name an example of an anti-protestant church

St.Micheals in Zeil, had a ceiling painting of protestant witches burning in purgatory, which establishes a connection between protestants and witchcraft in the catholic eye.

Who did the catholics support?

The Habsburgs

Was there any resistance to the counter-reformation?

Yes, protestant clergy would refuse to renounce their faiths, and they chased out catholics who wanted to instate new catholic ministers

Name the 2 Prince-Bishops relevant

von Aschhausen and von Dornheim

when did von Aschhausen become a Prince-Bishop?

1609

what were von Aschhausen’s aims?

To convernt protestant parishes in his Prince-Bishopric

What were von Achhausen’s methods?

anti protestant methods:

• Fined protestant parishes

• limited wood supply to protestant parishes

• dissidents sent into exile

• catholic troops quarted in protestant villages

• Lutherans rounded up and arrested

• 1610 witchcraft ordinance

• creation of Priests’ Vaults

what was the 1610 witchcraft ordinance

Created by von Aschhausen, made witchcraft severely punishable, and coincided with the protestant revolts in Bohemia

How long did von Aschhausen’s witch trials last, and how were they ended?

• 1616-19:

• ended because moderates on the local council were more focused with the war breaking out in neighbouring bohemia.

When was the thirty Years War?

1618-1648

when was von Dornheim elected as Prince-Bishop and what did he immediately do?

Quickly had all previous moderates on the local council removed.

What was von Dornheim also known as?

the Hexenbishof

if von Aschhausen made the Bishop vaults, what did von Dornheim make? and when?

a Drudenhaus in 1627 made to contain 30-40

Who did von Dornheim hire as a legal advisor?

freidrich Forner

What were freidrich forner’s justifications for hating protestants in particular?

• That protestants had preachers that were essentially false prophets that taught lies about the catholics

• protestants were no different to magicians, and sourced a supposed exorcism as his proof, stating that the demon recognised protestants as allies

How did Forner and von Dornheim both justify the witch hunt?

• They said obedience was central to a well functioning society and used the bible to back it up.

• Forner provided the intellectual framework, linking disobedience to sin and in turn, witchcraft.

• He said that the closer one came to defeateing the devil, the more violent the cevil became, which is how they justified their violence and torture.

What was the catalyst for the thirty years’ war?

1618, Prague defenestration

What was the thirty years war?

Initially a religious war, with protestants standing up to the catholics and habsburgs of spain and germany.

Religious impact of the thirty years war on Bamberg

• Catholics who fought in the counter-revolution becamoe fanatical zealots.

• caused the targeting of any ‘heretics’ aka; non orthodox catholics, and began the witch hunts:

• Women, Upper-class, healers, magicians, and those with different political views were all targeted.

Economic Impact of the 30 years war on Bamberg

• 150,000 swedes and 100,000 danes arrive.

• huge solider presence was devastating because food was requisitioned and towns were plundered for supplies.

• the ‘Little Ice Age’ causes devastating crop failure, and that combined with the increasing war debt led to crisis.

• 800,000 florin debt by end of war.

• Silver imports from america were declining, and they had to switch to a resere currency - Gold Florins

• gold florin depreciates, and their gold content decresed by 77% in 1626

Names of the three accused who had trials related to economics

• Margaretha Eissmennin

• Kunigudta Rindterin

• Margeretha Gussacherin