History Notes

Believed in the Divine Right of Kings and sought to restore Catholicism in England.

James II

The 1688 event where James II fled to France, leading to William and Mary ascending the throne.

Bloodless Revolution

Established limits on the monarch's power, including restrictions on law alteration and army maintenance.

Bill of Rights (1689)

The period (1649-1660) after the execution of Charles I, led by Oliver Cromwell.

Commonwealth Era

The return of Charles II to the throne in 1660, promising to respect Parliament's authority.

Restoration of Charles II

Conflict between Royalists and Parliamentarians, resulting in the execution of Charles I.

Civil War (1642-1648)

Inflation and desperate kings led to conflicts with Parliament during the Stuart Dynasty.

Economic Issues

Henry VIII's daughter who established Protestantism in England and expanded trade and power.

Elizabeth I

A failed invasion by Spain, marking a shift in power dynamics in Europe.

Spanish Armada (1588)

Established after Henry VII's victory in the Wars of the Roses, lasting nearly 120 years.

Tudor Dynasty

Consolidated power by creating new nobles and avoiding wars, leaving a strong and rich country.

Henry VII

Broke from the Catholic Church, establishing the Church of England and increasing royal power.

Henry VIII's Reformation

Transition from feudalism to centralized monarchies, reducing the power of nobles and the church.

Rise of Nation States

A king who has broken free from the influence of the church and nobles, governing independently.

Absolute Monarch

A period of renewed interest in learning and humanism, influencing governance and society.

Renaissance

Increased trade in the 14th and 15th centuries led to new wealth for kings through taxation.

Trade and Taxation