Geo all notes

australia fertility rate

1.5 (was 3.5 in 1960)

australia death rate

6.9

australia life expectancy

84 (was 72, 50 years ago)

australia crude birth rate

12.1 (1.3% decline from 2022)

australia contraception prevelance

81% of women of child bearing age

australia avg years of schooling for women

13 years (8.9 in 1950)

australia female labour force increase

1.2% increase from 2022 to 2023

australia dependency ratio + prediction

54/100. (projected 65/100 by 2060)

australian government annual spending on aged care sector

$10b avg

australia pensions cost % increase

average of 7% per year

% of australia 65+ currently, and estimated

17% in 2023, 30% in 2032

skilled migrant program info:

90% of SM are employed.
SM’s account for 15% of australias health workforce.
128,000 spots allocated in 2017 (varies each year)

Compulsory Super Annuation

Made in 1991
Started at 9.5%, currently 11.5%, will be 12% in 2025.
leading the % of elderly requiring full pensions to decrease from 50% in 2014 to 30% in 2047

.id info/nillumbik

created in 1997
created by Ivan Motley
2015: 43% of 56-75 would like more housing downsize options
.id released 5 future planning/housing developments for elderly
increase in 2-3 bedroom housing (its goal) attracts youth population to address ageing

Niger tfr

6.1

niger Death rate + history

8.8 (11 in 2012)

niger Crude birth rate

42

niger life expectancy + history

61 (35 in 1970)

niger dependency ratio + youth dependency ratio

109.5/100 (youth: 104/100)

niger contraceptive use:

12% of child bearing age women

niger avg years of schooling

3

niger women marriage age stats

28% of girls married before theyre 15,
76% before theyre 18
legal age of marriage is 15

niger global hunger index ranking

115th / 121

niger food insecurity

2m food insecure in 2020
in 2014, food insecurity in Sahel increased by 532%

niger annual arable land loss

loses 100k hectare acres of arable land per year from degradation

Niger UNICEF Response

provides “Integrated Health Centres” and other infrastructure
IHC’s accessible to 65 villages in 17 different districts
700,000 people in Niger can access these IHC’s

Niger Family Planning Response

Created in 2012 in partnership with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNFPA, and USAID.
2012: 390k women used contraception. 570k in 2022.
Unitended pregancies averted by contraceptions: 140k in 2012 to 210k in 2022.

Niger WFP response

Integrated Resilience Program.
Working with Niger since 1968.
Aligns with 17 of the UN’s SDG’s
233,000 hectare acres rehabilitated since 2014
Supports 3m people in the Sahel region.

Niger HOSM spatial technology

Humanitarian Open Street Map
Launched in 2010
Gathered 15k points of digital data by 2019
6156 Mappers
1m+ buildings mapped
666k+ roads mapped

Niger Drone Africa Service Spatial Technology

10 years old
Soon transport medicine
Used to map environmental risks (flooding etc)
Maps displacement of people from disasters.
Ineffective coz of poor economy
Effective: UNHCR expanding their help bc of DAS reports/information.

Global Population change over time

2.5b in 1950 to 8.2b in 2024

UAE migrant remittance evidence

In 2018, UAE Indian workers sent US$13.8b home

UAE Migrant Pop + migrant Share of population + migrant Workforce %

9.7m Migrant Population
88% of total pop
90% of these migrants are in the workforce

Basic India wage VS Basic UAE wage

$2-3 per day in India
$200 - 300 per month in UAE

UAE working age migrant pop gender share

5.2m men
1.6m women

UAE total pop 65+ percentage

2%

% of bangladeshi migrant students overseas who never return

80%

which age bracket accounts for what percentage of all overseas migrants

young adults (18-34)
43% of all overseas migrants

Countries in all 5 stages of demographic transition model:

S1: None/Amazonial Tribes
S2: Niger & Yemen
S3: Mexico
S4: Australia & USA & China
S5: Japan & Germany

Average no. of immigrants FROM bangladesh per year

AVG of 770,000 per year

bangladesh median age change over time

20 in 2000 to 26 in 2024

Australian Gov spending on pensions

$47b per year.
Expected to be $72b in 2025

Jakobshavn Glacier retreat per year + change of

7km per year in 1985
14km per year in 2014

Greenland Fjords Stats

Out of 226 glaciers in Greenland surveyed, 74 in deep fjords accounted for nearly half of Greenlands total ice loss between 1990 to 2017

Bushfire Impact on melting

Australian 2019-2020 bushfires sped up melting on New Zealands 300 glaciers by 20-30%

Co2 concentration over time

288ppm pre industrial to 408ppm in 2018

GGGE sources %

5% GGGE from tourism
60% GGGE from cities, despite 2% land cover

WGMS 2015 survey on glacial retreat

398/442 glaciers surveyed were retreating

Greenland Positive impacts

London Mining generating US$200million+
2013: Ended 25yo ban on the mining of radioactive materials + Gov legislation passed encouraging mining
15-23 new crops available to grow
boosted productivity for 60+ sheep farms
tourism increase from 60k in 2010 to 2014k in 2019
Access to 48billion barrels worth of oil.

Greenland Negative Impacts

Overfishing + disruption of fish population, fishing is 90% of Greenlands exports
Land Degradation from mining
-0.43 life expectancy decrease from 2018-2022
USA hazardous waste exposure from 1950s
London mining US$2.35billion Iron Ore Project = 500 locals jobs, but 5000 foreigners.

Global Response to melting ice and glaciers WGMS

World Glacier Monitoring Service
Launched properly in 1986
Linked to Paris Climate Agreement
Linked to UN’s SDG’s.

Global Response to melting ice and glaciers Paris Climate Agreement

Signed by 195 nations AND the European Union
Aims to limit global temp rise to no more than 2*C by 2100.
Ineffective as countries are looking at 3*C increase by 2100.

Local Response to Greenland melting

Glacial Rock Flour:
1 ton of Glacial Rock Flour absorps 200-300kg of Co2.
more than 1billion tons are spread across Greenlands shores each year
Greenland produces approximately 1 billion tons per year.

Melting Ice and Glaciers SPATIAL TECH

ICESat 2
By NASA
10k pulses of light per second
measurements every 2.3feet along its path
<4mm accuracy
approx 500km orbit altitude

Global Deforestation rates

-4.3mha per year

global Forest in mha lost since when

420mha lost since 1990

Indonesia Forest Cover over time

1990: 84% to 2021: 48%

Indonesia Natural causes of deforestation

Pests/Beetles account for 10% of deforestation in the Leuser region in Indonesia.
Pests Beetles account for only 2% of global deforestation.
Wildfires account for only 1% of global deforestation

Indonesia human causes of deforestation

From 2001 to 2016, Palm oil and Timber Industries account for 2/5ths of national deforestation.
Illegal fires account for 25% of Indonesias deforestation

Indonesia population stats and reasons for deforestation

Indonesia’s increasing pop of 115m in 1970, to 284m in 2024.
Rwanda genocide in Africa in 1994 brought over 750k migrants to Indonesia, relying on deforestation for income.
More than 30m people in Indonesia are poverty stricken.

Indonesia positive impacts of deforesation

Palm oil is 4.5% of GDP
1st in the world for global palm oil supply, at 55% of worldwide palm oil supply.
16 million jobs rely on palm oil industry.
palm oil brought 2.6 million people out of poverty in 2019

Indonesia negative impacts of deforestation

12.5 billion metric tons of Co2 stored in its forests
deforestation accounts for 62% of Indonesias GGGE.
DFS accounts for 4% of global co2 emissions
orangutan
oranguatans -50% population in past 60 years
only 7.5k orangutans left, 400 Sumatran Tigers, and 1.7k Elelphants.
2.5m Dyak people displaced in Borneo since 1970 Government control

Global response to Indonesia deforestation

REDD+
Launched in 2018
contributed to conservation of 120mha+ of forest in 64 countries
3.3b tons of Co2 reduced avoided

National response to deforestation in Indonesia

Moratorium
first temporary introduction in 2011
made permanent by Pres Joko Widodo in 2014
95% of locals unaware about the change
99% of locals unaware about the deeper effects
45% decrease in deforestation in moratorium areas in 2018 compared to 2002-2016.

Local Response to deforestation in Indonesia

Health In Harmony
Founded by Kinari Webb
400hrs listening to local communities.
70% discount for villages that completely stop logging in their area.
reforested 50ha in 2021.
1,500 orangutans saved locally.
1350 logging households in 2007 to 180 in 2017.
200 sold chainsaws.

Average annual ice loss in Greenland

260 billion metric tons per year

deforestation spatial tech GFW

Global forest watch
4m+ people visited the website since launch
Launched in 2014 by World Resource Institute.
partnered with Google, NASA, and the University of Maryland.

spatial tech to deforestation PRT

Palm Risk Tool
Data for 800+ Palm oil mills
Intan Sejati Andalan Mill was ‘high risk”, deforesting 200kha from 2009 to 2016. Will soon reach 300k. In turn, “Unilever” pulled out of business with them.

Topography of WM

24m

West Melbourne population stats

14% australian ancestry
4th most popular destination in the world for global exchange.
38% of overseas migrant arrivals in 2023 were temporary student visas.

West Melbourne Structure Plan

By C.O.M, Chaired by Nicholas Reece
Supported by Vic Gov.
2015 to present/ongoing
aim to create a “20 minute neighborhood”.
carparks alone cost $66m
Queen victoria market renewal $250m
“sustainable urban growth”.

WM land use change

from mixed used, prodominantly warehouse and industrial, to mixed use, prodominantly residential and educational/commerical.
+48% increase in residential in past 20 years

ParkHill Apartments

8m walk from Marvel Stadium and Airport Skybus Terminal.
12minute walk from RMIT and Melbounrne Uni.
93/100 walk score
100/100 transit score
408 spencer street.
18 month devlopment time
10 years old
Mostly 1BR
30 stories

Land use change positive impacts

Increased religious + cultural stores for inclusion.
West Melbourne Strucutre Plan encourages solar panels.
Kept greenspace.
Diverse population.

Negative land use change impacts

Employment down 25% from 2006-2016.
More Co2
More pollution
less greenspace
Increased rent

Land Use Change Spatial Tech

Maps.Melbourne
City of Melbourne Data
updated every 2 - 18 months
ariel and satellite imagery to display land use
historical archives from Melbourne Library Maps
Data from ABS Property and System Data.
“GIS” platform.