Art 1st exam

greco-roman, medieval, and renaissance artists

renainassane means —- and was the ——of —— art styles by italians.

rebirth; re-poularization; greek and roman

roman vs greek portraiture

romans- realistic depictions

greeks- idealization of the human form

what societal conditions allowed the renaissance to take place

economic prosperity, humanism, rise in education, and increased art patronage

North vs South Ranaissance

south- warm pictures more accurately modeled after Greco-Roman style. Focused on naturalism and details

north- physically and psychologically dark pieces (due to black plague) that were not accurate to Greco-Roman style due to the geographical divisions. Focused on emotional expression and religion

medieval art function

visual religious education due to low literacy rates

-cartooney style with uniformity; comissioned by the church

whats the difference between naturalistic, abstract, and non-objective/non-representational art

naturalistic: depicts reality with a focus on detail and realism

abstract: made of shapes and colors with intent to express emotions

non-objective: no references to reality; purely aesthetic

giotto (ital. ren)

-father of the Renaissance

-used “human” models to create art

-biblical imagery paintings on frescoes

masaccio (ital. ren)

-introduced illusionary space

-linear and arial perspectives as well

Italian renaissance

-1400-1500

-wealth trickled down to create a middle class in society for the 1st time (merchants + bunkers)

brunelleschi (ital. ren)

-1st true renaissance artist

-architect that devised linear perspective

-finished Cathedral of Florence

• father of architectual Renaissance

donatello (ital. ren)

-sculptor

-created bronze, life sized David statue which was sig because it was the 1st nude statue in a 1000 years

-father of sculpting Renaissance

botticelli (ital. ren)

-biblical art

-re-popularized greco-roman mythology

-birth of venus

grunewald (N ital. ren)

-dark and highly detailed paintings

-more Gothic than greco-roman doe to access

-Isenhein Altarpiece (Jesus with freaky long hands and ergotism on altar)

van eyck (N. Italian ren)

-fake oil paint inventor (he didnt actually make it)

-HIGHLY detailed paintings (painted pic in mirror)

-Arnolfini portrait (mirror in background potrait)

bosch (N ital. ren)

-did art in transitional period (from spiritualism —> materialism)

-hard-headed (flat earther)

-Garden of Earthly Delights

bruegel (N. Ital ren)

-Bosh's student

-ordinary and biblical images (inspired by black plague)

-laid foundation for moderism

-the triumph of death (bunch of dead ppl laying around)

durer (N.ital. ren)

-bridge between north and high Renaissance

-painted natural things (parrots, grass) in high detail

-guy with cool name signature (1st to sign and date his paintings)

da vinci (high ren)

-preferred subjects in action instead of posing

-skilled in many fields: hydrology, anatomy, engineering

-science and art geek combined basically

-Mona Lisa, Last Supper

michelangelo (high ren)

-artist of many means (like da vinci)

- some idealization in sculptures

raphael (high ren)

-The School of Athens

Why was there a shift from classical art to modernism? What work by Manet and what art style marked this transition?

-reaction to elitism of classical works u needed education to appreciate

-looking to the ordinary instead of unordinary

-Manet, luncheon on the grass 1863'

-abstract; connected w broader audience

Daguerre 1839

-invented photograpghy which allowed more people to create images

-step to modernism as art wasn’t just for the elite

Impressionism characteristics

-flickering brushwork

-use of light and atmosphere

-color used to convey emotion

Impressionist work that named the movement

Monet, Impression Sunrise 1872

Degas (imp)

-ballerina guy

-painted off of pics

-created 1st recorded multi-media sculpture

Renoir (mod.)

-co-foudner of impressionism

-painted gatherings

-Luncheon on the Boat

Cassatt (mod.)

-painted lots of mother-child paintings

-used color for emotive quality rather than actuality

Pissarro (mod.)

-painted from high perspectives

-paris street from bridge guy

Manet (mod.)

-father of modernism

-”Luncheon on the Grass, 1863” by him marked as beginning of moderism movement bc it was so easily deciferable

View from the windows at Le Gras (Niépce)

1st recorded photograph

Missed exam 1 Questions:

A) Renaissance artist known for depicting greek and roman mythology

B) Artist who is an example of genre paintings based on his cycle of paintings of the seasons

C) Known for Sistine Chapel, but distinguished as sculptor

D) How did modernism break renaissance art traditions?

A) Botticelli

B) Bruegel

C) Michelangelo

D) less detailed, more accessible, more abstract

What is genre painting?

Paintings depicting everyday life

Post-impressionism:

Analytical/Scientific vs Intuitive/Emotional

Analytical: methodically depicted reality in Impressionist style

Intuitive: subjective art about that artist, in that place, in that time

Van Gogh (Emo.)

-flattened space by manipulating linear perspective

-developed Impasto technique

-paintings closely follow mental state (used color to show emotion)

Impasto technique

-painting technique developed by Van Gogh

-builds layers of paint to create texture

Gaugin (Emo.)

-coloring book

-flattened space

-used a heavy black outline to delineate/emphasize shape

-deadbeat husband and father with spiritual guilt

-Yellow Christ

Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going?, 1897

-painted by Gaugin in Tahiti in his off-grid era

-invites viewers to reflect on the nature of life, identity, and existence

Henri Toulouse-Lautrec (Emo.)

-Henri Trust fund Lost

-applied ideals of modernism to graphic design

Les Fauves/ The Wild Beasts

-emotional approach inspired by van gogh and gaugin

-utilizes bold colors and expressive/wild brushstrokes

-early 1900s

Matisse (Fauv.)

-fused impressionism, pointalism, and other movements to make his own style

-used lots of colors and patterns

-also a sculptor

-painted The Joy of Life, which signifies a desire to return to a simpler life and reject modernism

Derain (Fauv.)

-worked with Matisse and shared similar art styles

-Matisse’s fan #1

Defy (Fauv.)

-matisse’s fan #2

-flattened space and used patterns

Rouault (Fauv.)

-bridge between French and German expressionism

-Influenced by Gauging

-Inspired by middle ages stained glasswork (his dad was a glass blower (maybe))

Proto-expressionism

-pre-expressionism art

-heavily inspired by van gogh and munch

Munch (Exp.)

-hypochondriac whose anxiety was depicted in his dark paintings

-”The Scream” represents how being human can be angsty and anxiety-filled

-cut woodblocks into pieces so his prints could have different colors

The Bridge Group

-thought of as bridge between historical German art and the future

Ludwig Kirchner (BG)

-painter, printmaker, sculptor

-leader of the bridge group

-used bright colors but depicted psychological darkness (think miss strawberry song art cover style)

Nolde (BG)

-inspired by african masks and other BG members

Heckel (BG)

-intellectual of BG

-painted literary figures a.k.a book characters and allat

Pechstein (BG)

-softie of the BG

-painted light themes among the group’s theme of dark ones

-cutesy friend in emo friend group

The Blue Rider Group

-Munich-based expressionist group

-named off Blue Horse, 1911 by Franz Marc

kadinsky (BRG)

-leader of the blue rider group

-credited as 1st to make non-objective paintings

-loved horse riding and thought blue was spiritual

Marc (BRG)

-co-founder of blue rider group

-best known for his cubist works that advocated for the environment despite the pro-industrialism era

Klee (BRG)

-brought fun to German expressionalism (think fish in bowl for children’s book)

-experimented with non-objective style in a geometric way

Kollwitz (BRG)

-painted highly naturalist/realist paintings on the loss of loved ones during war

-also sculpted 

Beckmann (BRG)

-1st to include politics in moderism

-painted anti-nazi works

Blue Period

-period of Picasso’s works that reflect his sadness through the color blue

-used marginalized people (with elongated figures) as the main subjects

Rose Period

-similar to Blue Period, but more upbeat

-Picasso’s status is upped after he becomes friends with the influential Steins

-uses Cezanne as inspo for Cubism

Analytic vs Synthetic Cubism

analytic: how objects occupy space, multiple vantage points, muted color palette

synthetic: uses patterns and decorations to be more exciting and accessible, multiple vantage points, bright color palettes 

Braque 

-co-founded cubism with Picasso

Gris (syn. cubism)

-mentored by Picasso (both spaniards)

Women of Avignon 1907 by Picasso

-1st Cubist painting

-inspired by african masks