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Russian Revolution
A major political upheaval in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin, promising 'Peace, Land, and Bread'.
Peace, Land, and Bread
Slogan of the Russian Revolution addressing issues of war, land redistribution, and food shortages.
Serfs
Farmers in Russia who were permanently obligated to their landowners, viewed as a major problem.
Rasputin
A mystic healer relied upon by the Romanov family, particularly to help Nicholas II's son Alexei.
Decembrists
Army veterans who demanded a constitutional monarchy in Russia but were suppressed.
October Manifesto
Czar Nicholas II's response to demands for change, creating a Duma and introducing limited constitutional monarchy.
Mensheviks
A faction of Socialists who believed in developing industry before starting a socialist revolution.
Bolsheviks
A faction of Socialists that advocated for immediate socialist revolution through force.
Bloody Sunday
The March Revolution of 1905 where workers demanding reform were shot by the military.
Czar Nicholas II
The last emperor of Russia before the abdication that ended the Romanov Dynasty.
War Communism
The policy used by Communists to directly control industry and food supply.
Provisional Government
A temporary government established post-abdication, led by Alexander Kerensky.
Bolshevik Revolution
The 1917 coup led by Lenin that overthrew the Provisional Government to establish a socialist government.
Five-Year Plan
Stalin's economic plan aimed at rapidly developing agriculture and industry in the USSR.
Comintern
Organization established by Stalin to encourage the spread of communism globally.
Civil War
The conflict between the Reds (Communists) and Whites (Democratic leaders) from 1918-1921.
petter the great
made absolute monarchy for the Romanov Dynasty & tried to modernize Russia
romanov dynasty
The ruling family of Russia from 1613 until the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in 1917, known for its autocratic rule and significant influence on Russian history.
serfdom in russia
Still 90% of Russians were farmers; 80% were serfs (people permanently obligated to a landowner);
Nicolas 2
became czar; his son Alexei had hemophilia; relied on mystic healer named Rasputin to keep son alive
Russian people thought Rasputin had too much influence over Romanov family
rasputin
a mystic healer who gained significant influence over the Romanov family, particularly Tsar Nicholas II, due to his ability to help the czar's son Alexei, who suffered from hemophilia.
what kind of government did the people of russia want
constitutional monarchy
decembrists
army veterans who had seen advances in Europe revolted, but were put down
march revolution
workers demanded a new constitution with a democratic legislature; 500-1000 people were shot by the military guarding the palace
soviets
worker councils to hear problems from industries
october manifest
Czar Nicholas II responded by creating a duma & accepted limitations by creating a constitutional monarchy
duma
national legislature with elected officials)
socialism
government takes over control of economy & protects workers & farmers
menesheviks
want to develop industry & large working class before starting a socialist revolution
bolsheviks
want to use force to bring Socialism immediately
great war affects on russia
morale was low, no food, 25% of soldiers had no weapons, 76% of army killed or wounded
People blamed czar & Rasputin for failures of military & economy
March Revolution 1917-riots began; army joined & refused to stop rebellion
