7.5_Russian_Revolution_SHORT

Russian Revolution

A major political upheaval in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin, promising 'Peace, Land, and Bread'.

Peace, Land, and Bread

Slogan of the Russian Revolution addressing issues of war, land redistribution, and food shortages.

Serfs

Farmers in Russia who were permanently obligated to their landowners, viewed as a major problem.

Rasputin

A mystic healer relied upon by the Romanov family, particularly to help Nicholas II's son Alexei.

Decembrists

Army veterans who demanded a constitutional monarchy in Russia but were suppressed.

October Manifesto

Czar Nicholas II's response to demands for change, creating a Duma and introducing limited constitutional monarchy.

Mensheviks

A faction of Socialists who believed in developing industry before starting a socialist revolution.

Bolsheviks

A faction of Socialists that advocated for immediate socialist revolution through force.

Bloody Sunday

The March Revolution of 1905 where workers demanding reform were shot by the military.

Czar Nicholas II

The last emperor of Russia before the abdication that ended the Romanov Dynasty.

War Communism

The policy used by Communists to directly control industry and food supply.

Provisional Government

A temporary government established post-abdication, led by Alexander Kerensky.

Bolshevik Revolution

The 1917 coup led by Lenin that overthrew the Provisional Government to establish a socialist government.

Five-Year Plan

Stalin's economic plan aimed at rapidly developing agriculture and industry in the USSR.

Comintern

Organization established by Stalin to encourage the spread of communism globally.

Civil War

The conflict between the Reds (Communists) and Whites (Democratic leaders) from 1918-1921.

petter the great

• made absolute monarchy for the Romanov Dynasty & tried to modernize Russia

romanov dynasty

The ruling family of Russia from 1613 until the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in 1917, known for its autocratic rule and significant influence on Russian history.

serfdom in russia

Still 90% of Russians were farmers; 80% were serfs (people permanently obligated to a landowner);

Nicolas 2

• became czar; his son            Alexei had hemophilia;           relied on mystic healer        named Rasputin to                  keep son alive

• Russian people thought Rasputin had too much influence over Romanov family

rasputin

a mystic healer who gained significant influence over the Romanov family, particularly Tsar Nicholas II, due to his ability to help the czar's son Alexei, who suffered from hemophilia.

what kind of government did the people of russia want

constitutional monarchy

decembrists

• army veterans who had seen advances in Europe revolted, but were put down

march revolution

• workers demanded a new constitution with a democratic legislature; 500-1000 people were shot by the military guarding the palace

soviets

worker councils to hear problems from industries

october manifest

Czar Nicholas II responded by creating a duma & accepted limitations by creating a constitutional monarchy

duma

national legislature with elected officials)

socialism

government takes over control of economy & protects workers & farmers

menesheviks

• want to develop industry & large working class before starting a socialist revolution 

bolsheviks

want to use force to bring Socialism immediately

great war affects on russia

• morale was low, no food, 25% of soldiers had no weapons, 76% of army killed or wounded

• People blamed czar & Rasputin for failures of military & economy

• March Revolution 1917-riots began; army joined & refused to stop rebellion