Anatomy and Physiology - Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure Regulation

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the ventricles to the body?

Arteries

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

Arteries

The pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries ________ blood.

Deoxygenated

What do arterioles do?

Receive blood from the arteries and carry it to the capillaries

What type of blood vessels are used to hear heart beat?

Arteries

What are the three layers of the arteries?

Tunica interna/intima, tunica media, tunica externa/adventitia

Which is the innermost layer of the arteries?

Tunica interna

Which layer is the middle layer of the arteries?

Tunica media

Which layer is the outermost layer of the arteries?

Tunica externa

Tunica externa is also known as

Tunica adventitia

Tunica interna is also known as

Tunica intima

What is the tunica interna made out of?

Endothelium

What is the tunica media made out of?

Smooth muscle and elastic tissue

What is tunica externa made out of?

Connective tissue

T/F: Arterioles have the same three layers as arteries

True

Label this part of the arteries.

Arterioles

Label this part of the arteries.

Tunica international

Label this part of the arteries.

Tunica media

Label this section of the arteries.

Tunica externa

Label this section of the tunica interna.

Endothelium

Label this section of the tunica interna.

Subendothelium

Label this section of the tunica interna.

Internal elastic lamina

Label this section of the tunica media.

Smooth muscle

Label this section of the tunica media.

External elastic lamina

Which is the largest artery by diameter?

The aorta

What are the major portions of the aorta?

Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta

Label this section of the aorta.

Left common carotid artery

Label this section of the aorta.

Left subclavian artery

Label this section of the aorta.

Descending aorta

Label this section of the aorta.

Arch of aorta

Label this section of the aorta.

Ascending aorta

Label this section of the aorta.

Left coronary artery

Label this section of the aorta.

Right coronary artery

Label this section of the aorta.

Brachiocephalic artery

Label this section of the aorta.

Right subclavian artery

Label this section of the aorta.

Right common carotid artery

What are the major branches of the aortic ardch?

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

What does the brachiocephalic trunk do?

Supples right side of head and upper limb

Which parts of the aorta does the brachiocephalic trunk separate into?

The right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

What does the left common carotid artery do?

Supplies left side of the head and neck

What does the left subclavian artery do?

Supplies left arm

What does the ascending aorta branch off into?

The right and left coronary arteries

What organ does the ascending aorta supply?

The heart

What does the thoracic aorta branch off into?

Bronchial artery, pericardial artery, esophageal artery, mediastinal artery, posterior intercostal artery

What does the bronchial artery supply blood to?

Bronchi

What does the pericardial artery supply blood to?

Pericardium

What does the esophageal artery supply blood to?

Esophagus

What does the mediastinal artery supply blood to?

Mediastinum

What does the posterior intercostal artery supply blood to?

Thoracic wall

What does the abdominal aorta branch off into?

Celiac trunk, phrenic artery, superior mesenteric artery, suprarenal artery, renal artery, inferior mesenteric artery, lumbar artery, middle sacral artery, common iliac artery

Where does the celiac trunk supply blood to?

Stomach, spleen, liver

Where does the phrenic artery supply blood to?

Diaphragm

Where does the superior mesenteric artery supply blood to?

Portions of the small and large intestine

Where does the suprarenal artery supply blood to?

Adrenal gland

Where does the renal artery supply blood to?

Kidney

Where does the gonadal artery supply blood to?

Ovary or testis

Where does the inferior mesenteric artery supply blood to?

Lower portions of large intestine

Where does the lumbar artery supply blood to?

Posterior abdominal wall

Where does the middle sacral artery supply blood to?

Sacrum and coccyx

Where does the common iliac artery supply blood to?

Lower abdominal wall, pelvic organs, and lower limb

Name this part of the carotid artery.

Circle of Willis

Name this part of the carotid artery

External carotid arteries

Label this section of the carotid artery.

Common carotid carteries

Label this section of the carotid arteries.

Subclavian arteries

Label this section of the carotid artery.

Aorta

Label this section of the carotid artery.

Innominate artery

Label this section of the carotid artery.

Vertebral arteries

Label this section of the carotid artery.

Internal carotid arteries

Label this section of the carotid artery.

Basilar artery

Which part of the carotid artery contains baroreceptors?

Internal carotid artery

What is the circle of willis?

A ring-shaped structure of arteries located at the base of the brain

What does the circle of willis do?

Supplies blood to the front and back of the brain and is associated with strokes

What is a bulge or ballooning in a weakened wall of a blood vessel?

Aneurysm

What is the cause of chest pains and heart attacks?

Blocked coronary arteries

What is another name for a heart attack?

Myocardial infarction

Label this part of the coronary arteries.

Left coronary artery

Label this part of the coronary arteries.

Left circumflex artery

Label this part of the coronary arteries.

Left/obtuse marginal artery

Label this part of the coronary arteries.

Left anterior descending/interventricular artery

Label this part of the coronary arteries.

Diagonal branch

Label this part of the coronary arteries.

Right marginal artery

Label this part of the coronary arteries.

Right coronary artery

Where does the Left anterior interventricular artery supply blood to?

Septum and anterior walls of ventricles

Where does the left circumflex artery supply blood to?

Left atrium and posterior wall of left ventricle

Where does the right marginal artery supply blood to?

Lateral right atrium and ventricle

Where does the right posterior interventricular artery supply blood to?

Posterior walls of ventricles

What is atherosclerosis?

The buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the arterial walls

What is athersclerosis associated with?

Blood clot formation which can completely block an artery

What are the causes of atherosclerosis?

High fat diets, sedentary lifestyles, diabetes

What are possible complications of atherosclerosis?

Embolisms, heart attacks, strokes, peripheral artery disease

What is the main cause of an aneurysm?

Hypertension and atherosclerosis

What is a possible complication of an aneurysm?

Death due to internal bleeding

Where do aneurysms mainly occur?

In the aorta and in the brain

What is coronary artery disease?

A partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery due to arteriosclerosis, characterized by chest pains/angina pectoris

What might coronary artery disease be mistaken for in women?

UTIs

What is stable angina pectoris?

Chest pains during exercise relieved by nitroglycerin

What is variant angina pectoris?

Chest pains caused by spasms in the coronary arteries

What is unstable angina pectoris?

Unpredictable and often occurs at rest, lasts less than 30 minutes and is dangerous because it often precedes heart attacks

What is the treatment forvariant angina?

Calcium channel blockers

What is the treatment for unstable angina?

Angioplasty