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4th Form Biology
Describe how fungi feed.
They secrete enzymes on to food, then products are absorbed across cell membrane (external digestion).
Give one example of a virus.
Influenza / HIV / measles / tobacco mosaic virus. [Not AIDS]
In what form do animal cells store carbohydrates?
Glycogen.
In what form do fungal cells store carbohydrates?
Glycogen.
In what form do plant cells store carbohydrates?
Starch.
In what way do fungi differ from plants?
Nutrition (heterotrophic, not autotrophic), cell wall (chitin, not cellulose) and storage molecule (glycogen, not starch).
List the major groups in the Linnean system of classification.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Name a disease caused by a Protoctist.
Malaria.
Name the pathogen that causes pneumonia.
Pneumococcus.
What are bacteriophages?
Viruses that infect bacteria.
What are single-celled fungi called?
Yeasts.
What are the five kingdoms?
Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protoctista, Bacteria
What characters define the animal kingdom?
Multicellular, heterotrophic, internal digestion, glycogen as storage molecule.
What does a node (intersection of branches) represent in a phylogeny?
The common ancestor of the groups or species.
What does a phylogeny show?
How recently organisms shared a common ancestor.
What ere the main features of the plant kingdom?
Multicellular, chloroplasts, cellulose cell wall, starch as storage molecule.
What is a mutation?
A change in DNA or RNA.
What is a mycelium made of?
Hyphae.
What is a parasite?
An organism that derives its nutrition from another living organism.
What is a phylogeny?
An evolutionary tree.
What is a saprotroph?
An organism that feeds on dead organic matter.
What is a shmoo?
A small outgrowth of a yeast cell forming a reproductive cell that can fuse with another shmoo.
What is the biological definition of a species?
A group of organisms with many characteristics in common which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What is the cell wall of a plant cell made of?
Cellulose.
What is the cell wall of fungi made of?
Chitin.
What is the name for single-celled (unicellular) fungi?
Yeast.
What two components are present in all virus cells?
Protein and nucleic acid.
Which disease does Plasmodium cause?
Malaria.
Which groups of plants have seeds?
Flowering plants (angiosperms) and conifers (gymnosperms).
Which groups of plants lack vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)?
Bryophytes (mosses).
Who devised the binomial system of naming organisms?
Carl Linnaeus.
Why are Protoctista not considered a proper group?
They do not have any characters that define them; they are not all descended from the same common ancestor.
Why are sponges unusual as members of the animal kingdom?
The lack a nervous system or any other defined organs or tissues.
Why are viruses not considered living organisms?
They are not made of cells; they do no respire or carry out any other biochemical reactions.
