Cell Structure and Function Overview

Nucleus

Control center of the cell; contains DNA

Mitochondria

Produces ATP; powerhouse of the cell

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis

Rough ER

Synthesizes proteins; has ribosomes

Smooth ER

Synthesizes lipids; detoxification

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Lysosomes

Contains enzymes to break down waste

Vacuoles

Storage compartments in cells

Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells

Cytoskeleton

Provides structure and movement

Phospholipid Bilayer

Main structure of the plasma membrane

Fluid Mosaic Model

Describes membrane's flexibility and protein variety

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a membrane

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport via protein channels

Active Transport

Requires energy (ATP) to move molecules

Endocytosis

Cell takes in material via vesicles

Exocytosis

Cell expels material via vesicles

Metabolism

All chemical reactions in the body

Catabolism

Breaks down molecules; releases energy

Anabolism

Builds molecules; uses energy

ATP

Primary energy carrier in cells

Glycolysis

First step in cellular respiration; produces 2 ATP

Krebs Cycle

Produces COI, NADH, and FADHI

Electron Transport Chain

Generates most ATP using oxygen