Honors Biology -Energy

Group Behavior

Actions performed by a group as a whole or by individuals when part of a group.

Adaptations

Body part, Body covering, or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment (Physical and Behavioral)

Feeding Niche

A role an organism plays in its environment

Carnivore

only eats meat

Herbivore

eat only plant matter

Omnivore

Eat both plants and animals

Decomposers

break down and feed on dead plant & animal material (Put nutrients back intro environment.)

Detritivores

eat dead animal and plant materials

Herbivore Intestines

Herbivores have longer, bumpy large intestines (hindgut)  (hard to digest plant)

Carnivore intestines

Carnivores have short, smooth large intestines (hindgut) (Easier to digest meat)

Omnivore Intestines

Omnivores have a “medium” length digestive tract

Calorie is…

Is a unit of energy

Calories are really…

KIlocalories (1,000 calories= 1 Kilocalorie)

Carnivores have (Teeth)?

Carnivores have large canines (for ripping/tearing food) as well as sharp premolars (Cutting the meat into smaller pieces) and a few molars (grind to make it mushy)

Omnivores Have (Teeth)?

Omnivores have a unique mix of all teeth types for eating a variety of foods.

Herbivores have (Teeth)?

Herbivores have incisors (Cut plants ) and mostly molars (grinds to make it mushy)

What bonds release most energy?

C-C bonds (Releases energy when broken)

What do carnivores use as their main energy source?

Fats

Fats

Used for storing energy (long-term energy storage) (Eat before camping or no access to food)

Calories

Measure of energy body can use right way or store it later. (Eat before a race)

Proteins

Help muscles grow and recover (help build) (Eat after working out in the gym)

Dehydration Synthesis

Two molecules bond together, and a water molecule is removed. One loses OH, and the other loses H. (Takes energy)

Hydrolysis

Opposite, break the bond by adding water. Water splits into H and OH, and those atoms return to the molecules, breaking them apart. (Releases energy)

Hunting in a group Pros

Take down larger prey, increase success rate, protection from predators

Hunting in a group Cons

Must share the food, less calories for you

Individually Hunting pros

Keep all the food, adjusting the strategy yourself

individually Hunting cons

Only smaller prey, less success rate, no protection from predators

Which is better and why?

Depends- whatever maximizes energy for the species. EX. lions hunt in groups bc they can take down large prey and get more calories. Increased success rate.

Calories per gram

measure of energy density : how much energy from something for each gram you eat

CPG Fats

9 calories per gram of fat (most energy)

CPG Protein

4 calories per gram of protein

CPG Carbohydrates

4 calories per gram of carbohydrates

What macromolecule do Herbivores rely on energy the most

Carbohydrates

What macromolecule do Carnivores rely on energy the most

Fats

What macromolecule do Omnivores rely on energy the most

Mix - Fats and Carbs

What do proteins have that others don’t? (Identify picture)

Nitrogen

What do carbs have (Identify picture)

only ones that have ring shapes (Ring-like structure)

Fats look like..

Letter “E”