Chapter 14 Vocabulary- Bio II DE

Chargaff's rule

A=T and C=G

DNA polymerase i

removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

DNA polymerase ii

enzyme that proofreads the daughter strand of replicated DNA and corrects any base pairing errors

DNA polymerase III

synthesizes new DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction

gyrase

supercoiling

helicase

An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.

lagging strand

A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork.

leading strand

The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction.

ligase

An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment

Okazaki fragments

Short DNA segments on the lagging strand.

primase

An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer.

purine

Adenine and Guanine- largest kinds of bases

pyrimidine

Cytosine and Thymine - smallest kinds of bases

semiconservative replication

each new DNA molecule consists of one new strand and one old strand

single strand binding proteins

bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA