HEMA PT 2 Lineage of Hematopoiesis

Lineage of Hematopoiesis

What is the primary regulator of erythropoiesis?

Eryhtropoietin

Erythropoietin is secreted by which organ?

Kidney

N:C ratio of this cell is 8:1

Pronormoblast/Rubriblast/Proerythroblast

The cytoplasm is dark blue because of the concentration of ribosomes

Pronormoblast/Rubriblast/Proerythroblast

The proteins and enzymes necessary for iron uptake and protoporphyrin synthesis are produced in this cell

Pronormoblast/Rubriblast/Proerythroblast

True or False on first or second statement.
The nucleus in rubriblast is significantly large, while the cytoplasm is very thin. The cytoplasm is dark blue.

Second statement is false, the cytoplasm in Pronormoblast is very dark blue

True or False on first or second statement.

At the rubriblast stage, there is hemoglobin present. This results in a very dark cytoplasm.

First statement is false, there is no hgb present in pronormoblast but it starts to produce hemoglobin resulting to a dark cytoplasm.

Chromatin on this type of cell begins to condense. What type of cell is this?

Basophilic Normoblast / Prorubricyte

Detectable hemoglobin synthesis occurs, but the many cytoplasmic organelles, including ribosomes and a substantial amount of messenger ribonucleic acid

Basophilic Normoblast / Prorubricyte

What is the N:C ratio of the cell that has nucleoli in the early stage but may disappear later?

6:1 and it’s basophilic normoblast / prorubricyte

The final stage wherein the cell undergoes divison

Polychromatic normoblast / Polychromatophilic normoblast / Rubricyte

The final stage of the cell that is capable of undergoing mitosis

Polychromatic normoblast / Rubricyte

What is the N:C ratio of the cell that is the last stage that is capable of undergoing mitosis?

1:1, it’s rubricyte or polycromatic/polychromatophilic normoblast

Which cell has an 8:1 nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio?

Pronormoblast / Rubriblast

True or false

Increase in salmon pink color of the cytoplasm reflects nearly complete hemoglobin production

True

What is the lifespan of a Rubricyte?

24 to 30 hours

When does hemoglobin synthesis begin?

Basophilic

Basophilic Normoblast/Prorubricyte.

What cell is no longer capable of cell division?

Orthocromic normoblast or Metarubricyte

Last stage to synthesize hemoglobin (4 possible answers)

Reticulocyte

Polychromatophilic erythrocytes

Diffusely basophilic erythrocytes

Polychromatophilic macrocytes

Last stage in bone marrow before release to the blood

Reticulocyte / Polychromatophilic erythrocytes / Diffusely basophilic erythrocytes / Polychromatophilic macrocytes

Best indicator of bone marrow function

Reticulocyte count

What is the reference range of diffusely basophilic erythrocytes in the human body for adults?

0.5 to 1.5 %

The final stage of hemoglobin synthesis

Reticulocyte / Polychromatophilic erythrocytes / Diffusely basophilic erythrocytes / Polychromatophilic macrocytes

What stain is used for reticulocyte count?

A. Supravital stain

B. New methylene blue and Brilliant cresyl blue

C. Methylene blue

D. A and B

E. A and C

D. A and B

Which erythropoiesis cell first loses its nucleus?

Reticulocyte / Polychromatophilic erythrocytes / Diffusely basophilic erythrocytes / Polychromatophilic macrocytes

True or false

There is nucleus present in mature erythrocytes

False, there is no nucleus present in mature RBCs

What is the size of a mature circulating erythrocyte? What about its shape?

Biconcave disc measuring 7 to 8 mm in diameter

On a stained blood film, its cytoplasm appears as a salmon pink staining cell with a central pale area

Erythrocytes / RBCs

True or false

The paler the central pallor and the lighter the color of the red cell, the lower the hemoglobin content.

True

What is the central pallor’s diameter in relation to the red cell?

1/3

If senescent are in the circulation, what organ is responsible for removing them?

Spleen

True or False

Mature RBCs still synthesize hemoglobin because they need it to transport oxygen to the body

False, mature RBCs doesn’t synthezise hemoglobin but their function solely is to transport oxygen using the hemoglobin already present

Recite the granulopoiesis in the correct order

Myeloblast

Promyelocyte

Myelocyte

Metamyelocyte

Non-segmented granulocyte

Segmented granulocyte

Make up 0% to 3% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow and measure 14 to 20 mm in diameter.

Myeloblast

What is the key distinction between myeloblast and a pronormoblast’s cytoplasm?

Myeloblast’s cytoplasm is lighter compared to pronormoblast

Comprise 1% to 5% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow 16 to 25 mm in diameter

Promyelocyte

The cytoplasm of this granulocyte is full of primary granules

Promyelocyte

These granules are the first in a series of granules to be produced during neutrophil maturation

Primary (azurophilic) granules

This granulocyte contains 1 to 3 nucleoli and azurophilic granules are firstly formed in this cell

Promyelocyte

When are azurophilic granules produced?

A. During myeloblast stage

B. Promyeloblasts

C. Promyelocyte

D. A and C

E. All of the above

D.

During this stage, the production of primary granules ceases, and the cell begins to manufacture secondary (specific) neutrophil granules.

Myelocyte

In neutrophilic development, what is the last stage capable of mitosis?

Myelocyte

In what stage does the secondary granules form?

Myelocyte

What are the primary granules for neutrophilic development?

Azurophilic granules

The shape of this cell’s nucleus is kidney-shaped or peanut-shaped.

Metamyelocyte

This cell is no longer capable of cell division and its nucleus is indented

Metamyelocyte

This cell makes up 9 to 32% of nucleated marrow cells and has secretory granules

Band cells

The nucleus of this cell is C,S-shaped

Band cell

The nucleus of this cell is horseshoe-shaped

Monocyte

When do primary granules cease production in neutrophilic development?

Myelocyte

A _______ will mature into a neutrophil

Band cell

True or false 

Secretory vesicles are not present in segmented neutrophils

False, secretory granules are still formed on this stage

A ________ typically contains 2 to 5 lobes connected by thread-like filaments

Segmented neutrophils

Refers to the nucleus being divided into segments or lobes

Segmented neutrophils

Can be identified cytochemically due to the presence of Charcot Leyden crystal protein in their primary granules

Eosinophil promyelocyte

These cells are characterized by the presence of large pale, reddish orange secondary granules and azure granules in the cytoplasm

Eosinophil myelocyte

What are the primary granules of eosinophils?

Charcot-leyden crystals

What is the lifespan of a mature eosinophils?

18 hours

the cytoplasm of this cell is blue and contains large blue black granules

Immature Basophils

What are the granules of basophil?

Water-soluble granules and may be dissolved if blood film is washed too much during staining process

This cell appears dirty under the microscope with a clear cytoplasm

Immature basophils

Cytoplasm is colorless and contains large numbers of the large blue-black granules

Mature basophils

Contain a lobulated nucleus that is often obscured by its granules

Mature basophils