Lesson 2: Psychological Self

Psychology

Came from Greek words, “psyche” and “logos” which mean Soul and mind study

Soul and mind study

What does psyche and logos mean?

1879

In ____, psychology is considered a scientific discipline

Psychology

Defined as the study of human behavior and mind process

Psychology

It is a science concerned with how we  develop our sense of self over the course of its development. 

Psychology

It also recognizes the different forces that help us shape how we see, think, and feel about ourselves

Self

The core of who we really are, and that which is stable and enduring over time.

Unified Construction of Self

The totality of who we are. Our beliefs, attitudes, characteristics, and all attributes central of our self-concept

Multiplicity of self

Social roles, different subselves, intrapersonal levels, ideal, tru and false self

Me-self or I-self

The sum of all that they can call their psychic powers, buy their clothes,  their house,  their spouse snd their children.

Me-self or I-self

The self is a construct which encompasses all aspects of the person — both tangible and observable and even internal and the private aspects of our life 

Material self

Spiritual self

Social self

3 constituents of me-self

Material self

This consists of one’s body, clothes, family, home and the other possessions that one values and regards as one’s own

Social self

This includes how we think other people think about us – our reputation is society

Spiritual self

This includes our psychological faculties and dispositions as well as thoughts, beliefs, and feelings which are considered the most enduring and intimate art of the self

Self-seeking

can spur us into action.

Self-seeking

involves our efforts to preserve and improve our self knowledge and self-feelings.

Positive self-feeling

Prompts us to maintain and preserve the good thing that we have

Negative self-feeling

Motivates us to be a better version off ourselves.

I-self

Pure ego

I-Self (Self owner)

The processor of information or the thinker, which allows one to be aware of the environment and one’s existence within the environment

Me-Self (the self as known)

Also called the empirical self

Dr. Murray Bowe

an American psychiatrist who was one of the pioneers of family therapy

Differentiation of selves

refers to the degree to which one is able to balance the emotional and intellectual functioning, and intimacy and autonomy in relationship

Differentiation of selves

It involves the ability to make clear boundaries between our thoughts and feelings and to choose which of the two will guide our behavior

Highly differentiated self

Individuals are able to balance autonomy and intimacy in their relationship

Highly differentiated self

This means that one is able to establish connection with others without losing one’s self in the process

Poorly differentiated self

• Individuals may engage in fusion in their relationships

Poorly differentiated self

This means that they become very attached to roles they play in a relationship, they have few firmly held beliefs, they are more likely to be compliant and seek approval before making necessary decision

Constituents of the Me-Self

Material self

Social self

Spiritual self

Self Feeling

The feelings and emotions that are aroused in the individual by one’s knowledge and appraisal of one’s empirical existence in the world.

Self seeking

The individual effort to preserve and better one’s self knowledge and the resulting self-feeling

Carl Rogers

A psychologist who is the proponent of Self Theory. 

Self - Carl Rogers

It is made up of many perceptions, abilities, and personality characteristics that are organized and consistent with one another.

Self-Concept/Self Identity

Global understanding a thinking being has of himself.

Incongruence

According to Rogers’ theory, a wide gap between our ideal self and real self results in _______, which in turn indicates an unhealthy personality.

Real self

The image or picture of the self based on a person’s actual experiences and represents how he/she actually sees themself.

Ideal self

Based one one’s hope and wishes which reflects to see themself

Carl Rogers

Who proposed the “Real Self vs. Ideal Self”

Donald Woods Winniccott

Who proposed the “True self vs. False Self’

True self

is similar to Rogers’ real self.

False self

tries to surface as early as infancy when we are put under control of our parents or early caregivers

False Self

_____ resurfaces when we need to follow social norms of conduct, thus, hiding in ourselves what we truly want to do. We do this in order to be accepted

Albert Bandura

is known for his theory of Social Cognitive Theory of Learning.

Albert Bandura

Who proposed the “Proactive self vs. Agentic Self”

Social Cognitive Theory of Learning

This theory asserts that human behavior can be learned not only through one’s own experience but also through the experiences of other people.

models

We observe ____ when we learn from them

Self-Efficacy

Self-Concept

Self-Esteem

Important concepts of Social Cognitive Theory of Learning

Self Efficacy

One’s belief that they can take on a task successfully. How well we think we can do something

Self concept

How we see ourselves

Self Esteem

How we feel about ourselves

Agentic Self

One who does not live passively 

Agentic Self

One who acknowledges his/her capacity to shape one’s life actively.

Proactive Self

The capacity to acknowledge and grab opportunities that may help improve one’s self and life in general.

Psychoanalytic View of Self

Formulated by Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

Who formulated the Psychoanalytic view of self?

Psychoanalysis

Freud’s Theory of Personality

Id, ego, superego

Freud’s theory suggest that personality is composed of the ____, ___, ____

Id

The unorganized, inborn part of personality whose purpose is to immediately reduce tensions relating to hunger, sex, aggression, and other primitive impulse

Ego

Restrains instinctual energy in order to maintain the safety of the individual and to help the person to be a member of society

Superego

The rights and wrongs of society and consists of the conscience and the ego-idea

Oral stage (0-1)

Anal Stage (2-3)

Phallic Stage (4-6)

Latency Stage (6-12)

Genital Stage (13)

What are stages of psychoanalytic development? Give the ages too.

Oral stage

Oral region (erogenous zone)

Infants derive much pleasure in sucking activities such as sucking fingers, toes and nipples.

Anal stage

Emphasis on toilet trainings 

Over attention or lack of attention to children’s toilet training may cause problems associated with fixation of development on this stage.

Phallic Stage

Genital region (erogenous zone) 

Derive pleasure from activities associated with striking and manipulating their sex organs

Oedipus Complex

Boys experience rivalry with their father for their mother’s attention

Electra Complex

Girls experience rivalry with their mother for their father’s attention. Fear for mother is less

Latency Stage

Calm and stable period. 

Energies absorbed by school learning, peer relations, sports and other recreational activities

Genital Stage

Starts with the onset of puberty. 

Oedipal feelings are reactivated and directed towards other persons of the opposite sex

Erik Erickson

Who proposed the Psychosocial theory of development?

Psychosocial development theory

According to this theory, for each stage of development, some kind of psychosocial crisis is likely to occur

Trust vs. Mistrust

Autonomy vs Doubt

Initiative vs. Guilt

Industry vs. Inferiority

Identity vs. Identity Confusion

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Generativity vs. Self Absorption

Integrity vs. Despair

What are the 8 stages of the Psychosocial Development theory?

Trust vs. Mistrust

If the mother or the substitute mother is consistently affectionate and loving, the infant develops feelings of security and trust. Child becomes open to new experiences

Autonomy vs. Doubt

Child learns to walk, talk and use his hands

Child begins to make choices and express his will

auIf encouraged, he develops a sense of autonomy and independence

Initiative vs. Guilt

Child begin to explore his social and physical worlds discovering what he can accomplish

Child begins to identify with appropriate adult sex role and imitate aspects of the adult’s behavior

However, if punished for attempts to establish initiative behavior, he may develop a sense of guilt. He may adopt a passive pattern of behavior that will guide his future behavior

Industry vs. Inferiority

Technical skills are learned and feelings of competence enlarged

Industry vs. Inferiority

Striving to master great number of activities in order to win acceptance and prestige in their peer group

If children come to believe that they cannot achieve according to their expectations or to the expectations of their school, family or peers, their sense of mastery will give way to personal inferiority

Identity vs. Identity Confusion

Identity-formation crisis

Identity vs. Identity Confusions

When it becomes too difficult for adolescents to establish a clear picture of his self-identity, a sense of role confusion results

Establishment of their ideal of who he is and what he can be as an adult, becomes prepared to move on to the 6th stage

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Age of intimacy

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Individual develop warm intimate relationship with another person

If sense of intimacy is not acquired during this time of life, a sense of isolation develops instead

Generativity vs. Self Absorption

Productive years of adulthood

Generativity vs. Self Absorption

Individual’s productivity is by his contributions to his family and society

Person who fails to develop this sense of generativity becomes preoccupied with his personal needs and interest or both with sense of self absorption

Integrity vs. Despair

This is the fulfillment and culmination of psychosocial development of the previous stages.

Integrity vs. Despair

This is the achievement of a sense of integrity resulting from identification with mankind.

If a person develops an attitude of regret and fear of the end of life, then a sense of despair emerges.