Biology Study Guide: Chapters 11 Test

A collection of vocabulary flashcards for key concepts in biology, specifically related to DNA and RNA processes.

Helicase

An enzyme that 'unzips' DNA for replication.

DNA polymerase

An enzyme that assembles complementary nucleotides during DNA synthesis.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid, a molecule essential for various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

Base pairing

Rule in which cytosine pairs with guanine, and adenine pairs with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA).

Codon

Sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.

Anticodon

Sequence of 3 nucleotides on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA.

Stop codon

Nucleotide triplet that signals the end of translation; examples include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

Start codon

Nucleotide triplet (AUG) that begins translation of mRNA.

Transcription

The process in which RNA is made from DNA.

Translation

The process of creating a protein by converting genetic code into an amino acid sequence.

Replication

The process by which DNA copies itself during S-phase in the cell cycle.

rRNA

One of three types of RNA, it serves as a structural component of ribosomes.

mRNA

Messenger RNA, a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

tRNA

Transfer RNA, which brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

S-phase

The phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated.

Function of rRNA

Serves as a structural component of ribosomes and aids in protein synthesis.

Function of mRNA

Carries the genetic information from DNA to specify protein synthesis.

Function of tRNA

Brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly.