antibiotics affecting the bacterial cell wall

Complications of penicillins

Allergies And anaphylaxis

Cross sensitivity to cephalosporins

Can make oral contraceptives ineffective (use another form of BC)

Diarrhea

Purpose of cephalosproins

Comprise of 5 gens

Likely to reach the CSF

What are beta-lactamases

Class of enzymes produced by bacteria that break open the beta-lactate ring, inactivating the beta-lactam antibiotics

Complications of cephaloporins

Can cause c-diff (does not treat c diff)

Cross sensitivity to PCN (10%)

Purpose of carbapenems

They are beta-lactam antibiotics that destory bacterial cell walls causing the destruction of micro-organism

Use for carbapenems

Their broad antimicrobial spectrum is effective for serious infections (pneumonia, peritonitis, UTI)

They should be reversed

Complications of carbapenems

If the pt is allergic to PCN or cephalosporins, there is a 0.3 - 3.7 cross sensitivity

Inhibitor if cell walls synthesis

Vancomycin

Purpose of cell walls sythesis inhibitors

Treat antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis due to c diff

Complications of cell walls sythesis inhibitors

Ototoxicity

IV injection site pain

Nephrotoxicity

Infusion reactions

What is the trough and peak of vancomycin

Trough 15 - 30 mins before giving and peak 30 mins after

What syndrome occurs with vancomycin

Red man syndrome

What is the red man syndrome

NOT an anaphylaxis

It’s is a ANAPHYLACTIC reactions

It is NOT a true allergic reaction

S/s of anaphylactic reaction

Hives

Angioedema

Wheezing

What occurs during red man syndrome

Intense red rash on the face, neck and upper body

What do you do if red man syndrome occurs

Slow down the infusion

What do you use for cell walls sythesis inhibitors (vancomycin)

A large bore IV or PICC line