Science Bowl: Physical Science

Conduction

Heat transfer through direct contact

Convection

Heat transfer through fluids (liquids or gases) moving

Radiation

Heat transfer through heat waves

Convection Current

The circular flow of a fluid

Conductor

Something that passes heat well

Insulator

Something that DOES NOT transfer heat well

Melting

Solid > Liquid

Gains thermal energy

Freezing

Liquid > Solid

Loses thermal energy

Vaporization

Liquid > Gas

Gains thermal energy

Condensation

Gas > Liquid

Loses thermal energy

Sublimation

Solid > Gas

Gains thermal energy FAST, skips liquid

Deposition

Gas > Solid

Loses thermal energy FAST, skips liquid

Specific Heat

Amount of energy needed to raise temperature

Heat

Transfer of thermal energy from HOT TO COLD substance

Temperature

Kinetic energy, how fast particles are moving

Combustion

Burning of fossil fuels

Fahrenheit

'

MURICA

32 F freezing, 212 F boiling

Celsius

Used everywhere else 0 C freezing, 100 C boiling

Kelvin

Used in science, 273 more than Celsius

Absolute Zero

Coldest possible temp, no more energy can be removed

Thermal Expansion

Things expand when heated

Melting/Freezing Point

32 F liquid freezes or solid melts

Boiling Point

212 F liquid boils

Evaporation

Liquid becomes gas on SURFACE

Boiling

Liquid becomes gas UNDER SURFACE

Thermal Energy

Total particles in substance

Motion

The state in which one objects distance from another is changing

Meter

Basic SI unit of length

Speed

Distance an object travels in a certain time

Velocity

Speed in a given direction

Acceleration

Rate at which velocity changes

Newton

Measures a force

Force

Push or pull on an object

Net Force

Overall or total force on an object

Balanced Forces

Equal forces acting in opposite directions

Unbalanced Forces

Changes an objects motion due to a nonzero total force

Inertia

Tendency of object to continue doing what it already was

Mass

Amount of matter in object

Momentum

Mass x velocity

Friction

Force a surface exerts on an object when they rub together

Gravity

Force that pulls objects toward each other based on their weight and distance

Weight

How strongly gravity forces you down to Earth

Density

Mass of a substance contained in its volume

Buoyant Force

Upward force acting on an object submerged

Input Force

Force you put in

Output Force

Force the machine puts out

Work

When a force moves an object

Joule

Measures work and energy

Efficiency

How productive a machine is. Output divided by input

Lever

Straight object that pivots to do work

Screw

Inclined plane wrapped around central cylinder

Inclined Plane

Flat surface with one end higher than the other

Fulcrum

Fixed point a lever rotates around

Power

How quickly work is done, measured in watts

Energy

Ability to do work

Elastic Energy

Energy of objects stretched or compressed

Gravitational Energy

Energy of objects with mass and height

Electrical Energy

Energy of electrical moving charges

Nuclear Energy

Energy stored in nucleus of an atom

Potential Energy

Energy that is stored, many different types

Kinetic Energy

Energy an object has when it's moving